Study On Etihad Airlines

Study On Etihad Airlines Etihad Airways was recognized in 2003. It is the national or says the flag holding carrier passenger air service of Abu Dhabi, the capital of United Arab Emirates (UAE). The airline is headquartered in Abu Dhabi, the capital of UAE as mentioned earlier. In 2007, it passed additional than 6 million clients, contrasted with approximately 340,000 in its very 1st full time process in the year of 2004. The company has more than 8000 employees working in numerous divisions like finance, marketing, flying, sales etc . Currently Etihad is operating its services in regions like Indian subcontinent, North America, Europe, Far East Middle East, Africa and Oceania. Its major base or platform is Abu Dhabi International Airport. (Delfmann, 2005) Etihad Airways is the representative air carrier of Abu Dhabi, offers planned air transportation for cargo and customers. Companys sole shareholder is the government itself of Emirate of Abu Dhabi, was been extracted from its combined venture in Gulf Air in the year 2005 and preserved its spotlight on Etihad Airways. INDUSTRY: The airlines business of UAE is huge if we look at the quantity of service providers. The sector is filled from number of low cost airlines. State airlines of UAE other than Etihad include Gulf Air, Emirates and Air Arabia. Gulf air started operations in 1950. It provides a quantity of facilities to its clients. Initially it has provided many involved facilities to kids below the age of 10. It also provides spited dinning for its passengers. It is delectated as a standard nationalized flight for the majority of the purposes. Next, Emirates airlines were initiated after Gulf Air in the year 1985. (Vedder, 2008) It is also measured as a state flight. The airline has won numerous awards for its luxury services. This airline comprises of many aircraft both for private and public issues. Etihad airline is the most new one and was launched after Air Arabia in the very same year. It had also become fairly accepted but could not battle with Air Arabia on concern of low cost. Kam air fare is too considered as 1 of the stumpy cost airlines in United Arab Emirate. Among all the existing national air services till date, the Air Arabia is supposed to be the cheapest among all. It is not recognized to be an airline with the finest ability on board but of course it presents a cheap fare to its clients. The facilities offered by these public airlines to their clients vary drastically from each other. All the mentioned airlines have great contribution to the nationalized economy of the UAE. (Group, 2006) ETIHADS BUSINESS DESCRIPTION: The Etihad airline was started in the year 2004 or say started operating in 2004, but was established earlier in august 2003. The airline carried over 4.5 million travelers, an boost of about 65.7% over the figure of year 2006; In addition with this, Etihad also gained 175,000 tons of cargo in year 2007, an augment of over 70% from that of year 2006 . In 2008, the airline placed a requirement for over 190 planes, which would be of worth AED157.9 billion or approximately USD 40 billion. The order is composed of about 95 Boeing airplanes and 100+ from Airbus. Tentative schedule for release of order is between 2011 and 2020. (Vedder, 2008) Etihad Airways possess complete stocks is its 2 subsidiaries, Etihad Crystal Cargo, which offers cargo handling facility and Etihad Holidays, a travel group and vehicle rental company. The Etihad Airline owned a group of 37 traveler and cargo airplanes, as depicted by the data of January 2008 and it plan is to increase its aircraft group to 300 by the year 2020. The company is also planning to fly with over 25 million travelers per year by 2020 and to dual the number of destinations served from 48 to make it close to 100. The principle business activity is to provide scheduled air transport services for customer and freight; travel agents etc. VISION AND MISSION MISSION: The mission of the Etihad airline is to make the most of profitability by applying effectual business practices for best yield, maximum load factors, minimum transit times, seamless and instant information to the flying community, management and increase clients service. (Delfmann, 2005) VISION: As the public sector Airline of the United Arab Emirates, the company, Etihad seek to replicate the best of countrys hospitality cultured, warm, considerate and generous in totaling to get better the status of Abu Dhabi, the capital Emirate as a center of hospitality between West and East. (Delfmann, 2005) STRATEGIES AND VALUES: Norms: There are few norms popular in Etihad One is the dress of employees in the company. It is expected in the company that people will wear traditional UAE cloths. In office, female employees are not allowed to wear short skirt or any other type of clothing considered un social in the UAE culture. Values:Few values prevailing in the company are: No one here complains for other employee in the team in the case he or she fail to timely accomplish the task assign to him or her. His is a very nice practice in terms of team culture as it stops any disunity in the team and promotes unity and working together. The second one is especially for foreign employees. The company use to pay the tri yearly labor license required by the government to work in the country. Assumptions: There are few assumptions also considered in the company. For example, the people here consider that the task is assigned only by the senior and they are required to work only after the assignment of the work providing a very mechanistic framework of work in the company. BUSINESS STRATEGIES FOR ETIHAD: Some strategies of Etihad for future few years are as follows: †¢ Expanding its aircraft range: One important constraint in companys expansion plan is the limited number of cargo and passenger planes available to the company. The company will place periodic orders for new aircrafts to support its expansions plans. †¢ To provide service on more number of routes: The company would like to serve in European countries and other untouched destinations in North and South America. The expansion will give a vast increment in companys present market size. †¢ To enhance efficiency of operations: As a long term strategy, the company would like to implement TQM strategies in its operations. †¢ Increase its revenue maintaining high and quality structure of luxurious aircraft industry: †¢ Another one is Emiritization and advancement of UAE people. The company has a number of plans in this direction with long term interest which are mentioned as follows: UAE National Cadet Pilots Training or UNCPT The company invites aspirants who what to become a pilot with a statement like We are giving wings to your dreams. Its pilot training program is one of the finest in the nation. The company states that as the public Airline of the United Arab Emirate, it has a immense vision. To see further Emiratis taking their correct position as pilots in lone of the fastest mounting airlines on the planet. (Bilimoria, 2006) UAE National Graduate Entry Management Programme The public airline of the UAE, Etihad, is investing in its outlook and would consequently like to spend in people by giving them the chance to be 1 of the privileged students chosen to join its UNGEM program. It states that by this program, graduates will develop sturdy leadership abilities and form a collection of professionals who are organized to meet quickly expanding and developing leadership wants in various branches within the company. (Bilimoria, 2006) †¢ Enhancing the cargo carriers flights: As shown from the contribution of profit from the cargo and customer units, the cargo unit contributes around 65% of the companys turnover, which depict the clear dominance of cargo unit over the customer unit in terms of profit. The company would like to utilize this faith of people in Etihads cargo unit to gain additional market share. Thus as an expansion plan for cargo unit, the company is ordering more share of cargo planes as compared to that of passenger planes. BUSINESS SERVICES AND CUSTOMERS: The company mainly focuses on two streams of services: passenger service and fright carriers. Few highlights are: International flight connecting Abu Dhabi to more than 45 international destinations in USA, Indian subcontinent etc. Etihad carried over 4.6 million passengers, an augment of approximately 65.8% over in 2006. Along with this, it also griped 175,000 tons of freight in 2007, which is an increase of over 75% than the year 2006. (Group, 2006) Etihad Airways owns complete share is its two subsidiaries, Etihad Holidays, a travel group and vehicle rental company and Etihad Crystal Cargo, which provides freight handling services. Etihad had a 24 hour help line for its customers. Etihad also provide hospitality services by providing temporary accommodation in hotels. (Group, 2006) The Etihad Airline owned a group of 37 traveler and cargo airplanes, as depicted by the data of January 2008 and it plan is to increase its aircraft group to 300 by the year 2020. Etihad is also planning to fly over 25 million customers per year by 2020 and to twofold the number of metropolitans served from 50 to make it near 100. MARKET SEGMENTS: The key market segments been served by the company is the corporate cargo and low and medium earning customers for passenger carriers. COMPETITIVE POSITION IN THE INDUSTRY: COMPETITORS ANALYSIS THE MICRO ENVIRONMENTAL ANALYSIS The micro environment analysis is a structure for outlining marketing strategies of a company and also conducting an industry review. It is governed by Porters five force analysis. They are as follows: The threat of substitute products: In case of Etihad, the substitute product is actually similar services present in the gulf. For example there are number of companies providing similar aviation services like the company under consideration like Easy Jet, Air Arabia etc. The threat of entry of new competitors: The aviation market in gulf is going through a boom. Many new investors including both domestic and foreign firms are seeking an opportunity to fly in this gloomy aviation market. (Delfmann, 2005) The threat of competitive rivalry: Aviation is a field where competition doesnt just come from price dimensions but also from innovation and advertisement. Etihad should realize the number of competitors it has and the diversities in which they exist. The bargaining power of customers: Etihad like other airlines had a fixed cost service. The cost of any travel is predefined. However, due to costumers reaction toward any particular price frame, the company needs to bring variation in the cost of travelling. The bargain power of suppliers: Etihad is an airline company, so it owes much of its pricing to its suppliers. The raw materials and small services that it uses, determine the costs of its service. So, it is highly beneficial to have suppliers who are good at bargaining to keep the cost of the service low. Major intake of aviation industry of Etihad includes high quality fuel, packers and movers, transportation and hospitality partners. Competitors: There are number of other airline services which create market saturation for Etihad. Easy Jet is an example of such service which provides competition to Etihad. (Vedder, 2008) MAIN COMPETITORS OF THE ORGANIZATION: Air Arabia, Aerovista Airlines, Abu Dhabi Aviation, Air Cess, Kang Pacific Airlines, Falcon Aviation Services, RAK Airway, Flydubai, Dolphin Air, Palm Aviation, Emirates, Airlink, Dubai Air Wing and Eastern SkyJets etc. MARKETING ACTIVITIES OF COMPETITORS: Talking about Airlink, which is a major competitor of Etihad, the number of jets possessed by the company is much higher than Etihad. Airlink and similar airways like Air Arabia believes in cheep service providing and better market capturing. Etihad on the other hand believes in capturing luxury market sharing. Air Arabia has 5 times aircrafts than Etihad. It has more capacity aircrafts too. Palm aviation is much concerned towards long distance comfortable tour packages. For promotional activities, bigger firms like Air Arabia, Aerovista use television ads while smaller firms uses print media for promoting their services. Institutional marketing and collaboration with other firms is also employed as a marketing tactic. (Vedder, 2008) PESTLE ANALYSIS: Political: Etihad, like other aviation firms, has to follow strict government regulations. Any small incident can result in heavy burdens in terms of rules and possessing aircrafts. Economical: Economical problems are an obvious outside factors for Etihads. As the company is trying to increase its span, namely in Russia, it needs more Aircraft and investment. Social: The Company also has some social responsibilities to follow. The company has to take serious steps in order to meet the social responsibility towards its people and towards the nations culture. The reason is as Aviation co exists with countrys hospitality industry, it has to make sure that hospitality industry does not get suffered. (Delfmann, 2005) Technological: As the technology changes, the employees who can deal with new technology are needed in every aspects of work. Also there arises a need that the existing employees must also be re engineered so that they can cop up with new style of work. Legal: Aviation laws, labor laws, governments rules form the legal periphery for Etihads. SWOT ANALYSIS: SWOT is an acronym of Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats. This is a marketing analysis that helps a company understand its competitors. A brief discussion of SWOT analysis of Etihad is as follows: Strength: The Company has strong brand image Cargo units. The company already has 12 jets including 5 Boeings other world class luxury aircrafts like Learjet 35, Learjet 55, Avro RJ70 and Avro RJ80 etc to support its luxury market. The companys hold on this segment is increasingly growing too. (Delfmann, 2005) Weakness: Because of work in luxury segments and passenger unit is down, the companys market scope is limited, any new competitor and launch of new luxury aircraft can force the company to drastically change is market statistics. Also the desired costumer volume is also limited. Opportunities: Recently the company is exploring opportunities to invest in Eastern Europe including Russia. The company is looking constantly for new markets apart from Gulf region. Threats: the main threats to the company are form increasing number of aviation services in luxury class. Another threat is from economic crises that is indirectly affecting the end customers of Etihad. FUTURE GROWTH PERSPECTIVE: The company has immense growth opportunity in both its passenger and cargo units. Few of these are mentioned as follows: New business opportunities in Russian and European market. Acquisition of new and small business possible in many areas including international markets. Buying of new aircrafts will facilitate the growth and increased number of routes as planned by the company. REFERENCES: 1. Oxford Business Group (2006), Emerging Abu Dhabi, Published by Oxford Business Group, ISBN: 1902339428, 9781902339429 2. Delfmann, Werner (2005), Strategic management in the aviation industry, Published by Ashgate Publishing, ISBN: 0754645673, 9780754645672 3. Vedder ,Hendrik (2008), Strategic Alliances in the Aviation Industry: An Analysis of Past and Current Developments, Published by GRIN Verlag, ISBN: 364023037X, 9783640230372 4. Bilimori; Sandy Kristin, Piderit (2006). Handbook on women in business and management. Published by Edward Elgar Publishing. ISBN: 1845424328, 9781845424329

Success of Carrefour

1. Introduction As the world leader in retail industry, the Carrefour Group, through over fifty years of dedicated efforts, is now the largest retailer in Europe and second largest in World. Since established, through a process of merge and acquisition, Carrefour has already expanded its market to different retail scales around the global, which includes hypermarket, supermarket, cash&carry and convenience stores. According to the financial report of Carrefour group, by the end of 2012, it had already generated 101. 3 million Euro of sales under banners.Moreover, it opened 9,994 stores from different scales in 33 countries globally. Therefore, it is not surprise to find it has over 100 million customers world widely. Carrefour has its clear mission adapting different cultures, which includes to promote quality for everyone and ensure the safety of its products, meet all the expectations of customers and to provide customers with freedom to choose with specific ranges of Carrefour pro ducts. On the way to accomplish their mission, marketing strategy are implemented orderly by Carrefour group.As Cambra-Fierro and Ruiz-Benitez (2011) illustrate in their research, the basic strategy of Carrefour is making this brand globalized, through establishing as its main axes on the client and a full local adaptation and integration. No matter where Carrefour expands to, the commitment to local economic environment is an unchangeable strategy for Carrefour. Carrefour is also famous for training local staff and manager which can adapt to native environment more quickly. According to the key figures of Carrefour, it now has 360,000 employers world widely, and these employers are naturally sensitive to local consumer behavior.It is evident that Carrefour obtain a huge success in China since it was embrace by As statistics shown in Chuang ,Wei, Donegan, & Ganon’s report(2011), by 2009, Carrefour ranked 7th among all chain stores in China with CNY? 36,600m in sales. When peo ple are applauding for Carrefour’s victory, the whole retail industry is wondering the reason behind its success. Therefore, this proposal is aiming at illustrating a framework with the case of Carrefour, investigate the reasons contributed to its huge success, and detect whether this model is applicable to the whole industry and make the whole retail sector better off. . Brief History of Carrefour The Carrefour Company was created by the Fournier and Defforey families in 1959. In 1960, the first Carrefour supermarket was opened in Annecy, a city in eastern France that had become increasingly industrialized since World War II. From this first outlet, Carrefour changed itself into a worldwide entity with more than 15,600 stores spanning 34 countries around the globe. Between 1961 and 1962, business at Carrefour increased 45 percent and salaries increased as well. In 1963, Carrefour created a new shop concept known as the hypermarket.In 1970,Carrefour went public and Carrefour shares were listed on the Paris stock exchange. In 1976, Carrefour introduced its own production under no label. They assured that â€Å"Just high quality product for low price†. Between 1978 and 1982, the greatest number of new Carrefour stores was established outside of France, especially in Latin countries. Profits proved high at its stores in Brazil, Argentina, and Spain. In the 1990s, expansion in Central and South America was extremely strong. Carrefour moved into Mexico in 1993 and opened the first chain hypermarket.By 1997, Carrefour operated about 60 stores in South America and was generating $7 billion in sales in Brazil and Argentina. In 2000, Carrefour merged with Promodes SA to become the largest European food retailing group (second largest worldwide). Carrefour also became Europe's leading operator of supermarkets, convenience stores, discount stores, cash-and-carry outlets, and hypermarkets. With more than 8,800 stores in 26 countries and revenues of nearly $6 5 billion, Carrefour entered the new century on solid foundation. While management worked on the merger integration process, the company remained focused on growth.At the same year, it formed Global Net Exchange, an online supply house, with Sears and Oracle. Between 2001 to 2007,Carrefour continued the acquisition of hypermarkets in different countries and experienced continuous growth in all markets. In 2007,a New Era began in Carrefour history. A new home furnishing and decorations line was introduced at Carrefour and Carrefour became the sole distributor of Dell products in Europe. 3. MISSION As Europe’s leading mass retailer, and number two in the world, the Group comes into contact with thousands of suppliers and millions of customers very year, enabling it to promote responsible, quality consumption at low prices through the Carrefour product range. 3. 1 Promote quality for everybody and ensure the safety of our products. Carrefour has adopted an approach through the c reation of its private labels which are now commercialized in the majority of the countries in which this firm is present to ensure the safety of their products. The approach is based on the implementation of private standards defined and owned by individual retailers.These private standards prompted the retailers to establish relatively formalized contractual relationships with producer organizations, and to decrease the utilization of spot markets. As a result, the creation of vertical alliances between producers, manufacturers and retailers has proven to be an important mechanism in the regulation of agricultural product food chains. This action is intended to structure the supply chain by obliging suppliers to meet production requirements related to safety, quality and environmental levels, which are more demanding than public regulations. . 2 Meet all the expectations of our customers and consumers. 3. 2. 1 Accessibility The group operates 9,771 stores (both company-operated or franchises) through four main grocery store formats: hypermarkets, supermarkets, cash ; carry, and convenience stores. Carrefour also sells food and non-food products through the e-commerce channel. In FY2011, the group strengthened its food e-commerce solutions in a number of countries. For instance, all stores of the group across Spain deliver the items ordered through internet to customer homes.Carrefour Brazil’s non-food e-commerce site which was launched in 2010 is presently ranked among the country’s top six commercial websites. In FY2011, Carrefour France also launched a wide range of non-food products online, including household appliances, television, video, telephony and other high-tech products. In Greece too, the group has provided its customers a facility to purchase groceries and household appliances online. 3. 2. 2 Price Carrefour's mid-range brand offers merchandise at price range which is 15%–30% lower than national brands. 3. 3 Provide custome rs with freedom to hoose with specific ranges of Carrefour products. Carrefour has more than 30 years of unparalleled experience in retailing private label products. The group makes use of an in-depth analysis of the purchasing habits and expectations of its customers in order to create its private label offerings. The Carrefour Discount brand carries discount products, consisting of 500 basic everyday products (including grocery, fresh and frozen products as well as non-food goods) at a low price range. The group also offers product ranges focused on more specific customer requirements.The Carrefour Selection brand is positioned in the premium segment and the Carrefour Kids brand in the children's segment. Carrefour also offers authentic products from its regional brands ‘Reflets de France’ and ‘Terre d'Italia’ which include traditional Italian products. It also offers organic and environmentally responsible brands such as Carrefour ECOplanet in Italy, and Carrefour Ecobio in Spain. The group has established itself as a major retail player in organic farming products with an offering of nearly 2,300 food products throughout the world. 4. Carrefour—marketing strategy in chinaOwing to the maturity of the European market Carrefour and unfulfilled foreign investment in other continents, Carrefour needed to seek for new markets, and one of the most important one is Asia, especially China- a market with huge potential. Therefore, in 1995, the Carrefour began it and, soon, it generate a huge success in China soon after its establishment domestically in China. Decentralized management is the biggest reason for Carrefour’s success in Chinese market. Carrefour has divided its Chinese market into four big regions ehich are east, south, north and middle China.Considering of the legal issue and culture obstacles, the company chose the local partners, and even different partners in different regions, such as choosing partners in Beij ing and Guangzhou represent north and south agency respectively. Carrefour has a clearly marketing plan in China by knowing well about Chinese national condition. Carrefour learned about Chinese market and found the preferences is even different in Chinese market according to different areas, such as Tsingtao beer is so famous in Tsingtao but in Beijing almost everyone drinks beer from Beijing.Therefore Carrefour also needed to further adapt to local tastes and preferences in that area. EXAMPLE From the market in Taipei, it learned how Chinese people sold the fish. Carrefour hence adopted two strategies; selling fish alive and selling frozen fish. For those people live in coastal city, they prefer alive fish which right out of the fish tanks, while people live in west and middle, where is further away from coastal, prefer to buy frozen fish which can keep fish fresh. After Carrefour adapted to this concept it saw fish sales go up 30-40%.Furthermore, Carrefour adapted to the local co nsumer and their shopping behaviors while merge the foreign culture into its culture style. The Chinese consumer likes to compare different brands, so Carrefour had distributed larger shelves in order to place all the different brands in one area so that the consumers feel more satisfied during choosing what they want to buy. Additionally, Carrefour introduced new products to China such as wine which was not regularly being consumed by the Chinese population, which changed Chinese consumers’ perception to some extent.Carrefour did this by holding wine fairs and introducing to the Chinese how to drink the wine and what kinds of food it goes with. Since the taxes on wine imports were lowered, Carrefour was able to provide its Chinese consumers with cheap imported wines such as French wine. So more and more Chinese get use to the culture of wine. Through all these adaptations to local taste or by using its knowledge from Taiwan, Carrefour was able to successfully enter the Chine se market. Carrefour China is one of the biggest markets for Carrefour and as of December 31st 2009 China’s Net Sales were 3,473 billion Euros which showed a growth of 4. % from the previous year. Carrefour’s main competitor in China is Wal-Mart which has more bargaining power than Carrefour because of its big size. It was a successful idea when Carrefour introduced the fresh bakery concept in its stores. Unfortunately, Carrefour failed to include the Chinese deserts in its bakery section which its competitors did not. In order to stay competitive, Carrefour updates its strategy every three years since China is a market that is changing quickly.Carrefour invests a lot of money into Human Resources in order to train employees just in order to stay competitive with those large retailers. The company also deals with retention differently than in Europe. For example, it invests a lot of money in its training and the employees need to sign a three to five year contract. If the employee wants to change to the competition he/she has to pay back the money for the training which is a lot. If employees stay with the company for five years they receive a big bonus. All these strategies turn to keep labor turnover very low.Carrefour once faced a very difficult position. In April 2008, the Olympic torch relay was interrupted by Tibetan independence advocates in Paris where the protesters tried to get a hold of the torch from a wheelchair bound Chinese representative. Because of this, some Chinese activists have tried to boycott Carrefour stores because of its French roots. To manage its bad image, Carrefour has taken multiple actions. First, to make better relations with its suppliers, Carrefour started financing programs for smaller suppliers allowing them to apply for loans with Deutsch Bank.The company has also created a mailbox and hotline for suppliers to report any corruption and has personal investigators to go after such malpractices. In order to seek better relations with its employees, Carrefour has increased its communication with its employees and settled the disputes regarding overtime. Carrefour has also increased its fulltime employees’ salaries by 8% and put in place a minimum wage that is 5% higher than the local minimum wage. To eliminate its price differences Carrefour also promised to have regular internal price inspections.Carrefour was ordered to correct its illegal prices and refund its overcharged customers. Carrefour China said that it would refund all of its customers who were charged more than the retail price. 5. Conclusion Evaluation/recommendation Now we can draw a conclusion that the main reason of Carrefour’s success in China should owe to its sparing no effort to localization. It manifests that Carrefour try their best to follow the motto: â€Å"when in Rome, do as the Romans do† to grasp the Chinese customers’ needs accurately and then maximize their profits.Why the Carrefour ’s localization is firmly believed to be successful, here we can compared with another famous foreign retailer company Wal-Mart’s strategies in China. Firstly, let’s look at marketing strategies. Carrefour took the striving to develop in opening more stores as its primary target. In order to be faster than its competitors, Carrefour broke the routine procedure of opening stores instead of making the stores blooming everywhere. Now Carrefour has inished its strategic layout in the coastal cities and economic center cities of China on the whole that is faster than Wal-Mart for about two or three years, which helped Carrefour to save the time to adjust its management system. However, Wal-Mart chose to copy its suburbanization strategies totally in China from America. But it ignored the situation of Chinese that not every family can own a car. In addition, compare to Carrefour’s â€Å"crazy† expansion strategy, Wal-Mart performed a cautious and conserv ative attitude that it insists keep a foothold in Shenzhen but paced up and down at the southern part of China’s market.So it missed the right timing to expand to the whole China’s market. The table below shows that the comparison between Carrefour and Wal-Mart. Due to the present situation, we can learn from that the number of stores can directly affect its velocity and time of making profit for foreign retailors in China. Besides, consistent with local circumstances is vital factor. Secondly, let’s look at localization in products. Carrefour attach great importance on choosing local products, and in Carrefour, half of manufactured food in the store accommodates local people’s tastes.Not only that, Carrefour highlights all the local products in order to convenient to customers. Besides, Carrefour also purchases goods from farmers directly, which not only increases farmer’s salaries but also allows Carrefour to keep good quality with low price. Fro m its behaviors we can learn that provide convenience to customers and meet customers’ needs well are good ways to attract customers and improve the customer loyalty. Thirdly, lets’ look at the localization in culture. Carrefour as a French company did a better job on human-based management. We can see it from its Chinese name â€Å" , which is very nice and localized. In addition, its slogan is happy at home and happy at Carrefour which also in keeping with culture value of its Chinese name. However, Wal-Mart is a little defective in this part. It is worth mentioning that every time Carrefour opened a new store, started new slogan, or other events, the Chinese media always give it enough focus and reports them on the internet, although there has also been negative news, it might reveal that Carrefour is good at attracting not only journalists’ attention but also that of local government.Comparing to Carrefour, Wal-Mart seems to be more low-pitched that it is c autious to every action and looks like a merit student in China. This is right but is such an ideologism which is not to the benefit of advertisement to its potential customers. To sum up, Carrefour indeed provides certain valuable experiences to its competitors and it is worth to learn from such an outstanding company. References Presentation of Carefour. (2013). Retrived April 8, 2013 form http://www. carrefour. om/content/presentation-group Cambra-Fierro, J. , & Ruiz-Benitez, R. (2011). Notions for the successful management of the supply chain: Learning with carrefour in spain and carrefour in china. Supply Chain Management,  16(2), 148-154. doi: http://dx. doi. org/10. 1108/13598541111115392 Ming-Ling Chuang, James J. Donegan, Michele W. Ganon, Kan Wei, (2011) â€Å"Walmart and Carrefour experiences in China: resolving the structural paradox†, Cross Cultural Management: An International Journal, Vol. 18 Iss: 4, pp. 43 – 463 Zoe, Z. Y. (2012). Management strategie s of Carrefour and Ito-yokado in china: A comparative study. International Journal of Business Anthropology, 3(1), 134-157. Retrieved from http://search. proquest. com/docview/1018555862? accountid=38789 Carrefour S. A. SWOT Analysis. (2013). Carrefour SA SWOT Analysis, 1-11. Article < > from http://wenku. baidu. com/view/c5d3b2c9da38376baf1faebc. html Table data from website: www. carrefour. com and www. walmart. com and www. auchan. com

The Tragic Impermanence of Youth in Robert Frosts...

The Tragic Impermanence of Youth in Robert Frosts Nothing Gold Can Stay In his poem Nothing Gold can Stay, Robert Frost names youth and its attributes as invaluable. Using nature as an example, Frost relates the earliest green of a newborn plant to gold; its first leaves are equated with flowers. However, to hold something as fleeting as youth in the highest of esteems is to set ones self up for tragedy. The laws of the Universe cast the glories of youth into an unquestionable state of impermanence. It is an inescapable fact that all that is born, pure and clean, will be polluted with age and die. The aging process that Frost describes is meant to be taken literally as well as metaphorically. Literally, the plants that Frost†¦show more content†¦Finally, as summer gives way to fall, life slips into a state of dormancy. It is said that from the moment you are born, you begin to die. Whether this is a scientific fact is questionable; growth should not be confused with aging. However, at some level, there is truth wrapped in such cynicism. Within the physical spectrum, the law of gravity enigmatically enables life to thrive just as it contributes to its eventual destruction. Like a fatal flaw, gravity creates the conditions to facilitate life by holding matter together. Existence is only sustained within the bounds of a limited amount of time however, until gravity pulls down the forms that it had momentarily allowed to stand. Although we as humans are constantly subject to the weight of gravity throughout life, we do not exist to submissively press our bellies to the ground, cowering to such a power. We rebel against its constant pull; we grow, we stand, we live; but not indefinitely. The strongest of backs will eventually bend in exhaustion. The leaves that were once green and firm shrivel and are p ulled down to the ground from whence they came; ...Leaf subsides to leaf. Little by little, all that is left of the vivacity of youth wears away. From the point of birth our fate is sealed. All that is incarnated must eventually bow to gravitys constant force; and finally, at the moment of supreme surrender, we

Abraham Lincoln The Great Emancipation Essay - 1753 Words

Abraham Lincoln: The Great Emancipator During the Abraham Lincoln’s short time as president, he managed not only to save a nation deeply divided and at war with itself, but to solidify the United States of America as a nation dedicated to the progress of civil rights. Years after his death, he was awarded the title of ‘The Great Emancipator.’ In this paper, I will examine many different aspects of Lincoln’s presidency in order to come to a conclusion: whether this title bestowed unto Lincoln was deserved, or not. In order to fully understand Lincoln, it is necessary to understand the motives that drove this man to action. While some of his intentions may not have been for the welfare of slaves, but for the preservation of the Union,†¦show more content†¦Even though he naively believed that white men were the supreme race, he was staunchly against slavery as an institution and felt that the Declaration of Independence included black persons. I n the same debate, Lincoln goes on to state that he â€Å"[does] not perceive that because the white man is to have the superior position the Negro should be denied every thing† (Lincoln). He believed that ‘the right to life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness,’ as outlined in the Declaration of Independence, applies to all men, regardless of their color, ethnicity, or culture. This may be attributed to the fact that he had not had many encounters with Black slaves until when he was in his late teens, where it had a profound impact on him (Foner 8). Lincoln held firm to the idea that the United States’ defining quality was its uniquely democratic government. The Constitution was cherished by Lincoln, and it was for the preservation of this document that Lincoln was willing to carry out whatever task necessary. However, Lincoln’s interpretation of the Constitution legitimized the ownership of slaves, and he was not willing to sidestep the constitution unless it became absolutely necessary to do so (as a war measure). Only after the United States had been immutably split and hundreds of thousands of lives had been lost did Lincoln finally take decisive action. In Lincoln’sShow MoreRelatedEssay on Abraham Lincoln - the Greatest President1069 Words   |  5 PagesAbraham Lincoln There have been forty four U.S. presidents over the past two hundred and twenty years. What president has served the best for our country? None other than Abraham Lincoln. Abraham Lincoln is the greatest president ever because he did great things such as ending slavery, getting the us through the Civil War, and helped our country a lot. The American Civil War was a war between the Southern states and the Confederate states. Abraham Lincoln was not very prepared for the war militarilyRead MoreMore Than Just A Five Dollar Bill1429 Words   |  6 Pagesleader. In my opinion the nations best leader is featured on our five dollar bill, Abraham Lincoln. Abraham Lincoln truly helped change the United States of America in some of the worst times. With President Abraham Lincoln being such a great leader, it lead him to accomplishing many great things. President Lincoln is often remembered for the laws that he passed. The first law that President Abraham Lincoln passed was the Homestead Act. This Homestead Act was passed to help improve the WesternRead MoreEssay on Abraham Lincoln, A Great Leader in American History781 Words   |  4 PagesStates of America, many great people have directed toward success. The American nation has been honored with many of the greatest people in history, including George Washington, Thomas Jefferson, John Adams, and James Madison. Abraham Lincoln is considered one of the most greatest president in US History. Abraham Lincoln was born on February 12,1809 in Hodgenville, Kentucky. He is known for his leadership and skills as president along with his pleasant personality. Abraham Lincoln was the 16th PresidentRead MoreAbraham Lincoln: Great Emancipator or Common Politician?1487 Words   |  6 PagesPresident Abraham Lincoln has been revered as one of the greatest presidents in the history of the United States. He is known for his great effect on slavery and served his terms during the civil war in a time of great controversy. The American Civil War (1860-1865) occurred at the exact time of Lincolns presidency (1861-1865). The North and the South were divided and a big issue was slavery, on which Lincoln took an anti-slavery stance. Lincoln has been called many things because of his views fromRead MoreThe Legacy Of Abraham Lincoln1486 Words   |  6 PagesWhy is Abraham Lincoln such an amazing person? Who is he? What did he do to change America for the better? Almost everyone should know about Lincoln. Lincoln was not the man everyone thought was fit for the job, they all thought he was less than what he was. Lincoln showed them that he is one of the best presidents America has had. There is a chance America could still have slavery in the country if Lincoln did not step in and start to end slavery. Lincoln was a big part of this countries historyRead MoreThe Legacy Of Abraham Lincoln1036 Words   |  5 PagesEnglish 8 4 December, 2015 Abraham Lincoln Research Paper Rough Draft One of the most revered men in US history was Abraham Lincoln. Everything he did throughout his life helped shape our country. He tirelessly worked to purge the country of slavery. He showed the country the importance of remembering those that died for our freedom. He never thought about himself, he always thought of others. Abraham Lincoln helped change America forever. When you look at Abraham Lincolns childhood you would neverRead MoreAbraham Lincoln : His Fight For Freedom And Equality Essay1308 Words   |  6 PagesAbraham Lincoln: His Fight for Freedom and Equality Throughout history, slavery has been a controversial topic in the United States. There have been many revolts and rebellions, such as Gabriel’s Rebellion or Nat Turner’s Rebellion, fought over the abolition of slavery or for African Americans to be able to receive the same rights as those of white people. Many people have fought for this cause and one of those people is Abraham Lincoln. Lincoln issued the Emancipation Proclamation, which is oneRead MoreAbraham Lincoln : An Influential President1572 Words   |  7 PagesAbraham Lincoln: An Influential President When you hear the name Abraham Lincoln, what is the first thing that comes to your mind? Do you think of a tall, slender man with an enormous top hat? Do you think of his devotion to the abolition of slavery? Abraham Lincoln contributed to more than one can imagine. He was the president of the United States during a time of colossal distress, the Civil War, and he paved the way for a great number of changes. Abraham Lincoln was a powerful figure whoRead MoreAbraham Lincoln, By George Mcgovern Essay1653 Words   |  7 Pages In Abraham Lincoln, by George McGovern, McGovern summarizes and gives insight on one of the United States’ most well-known and highly praised presidents, Abraham Lincoln. McGovern thoroughly outlines Lincoln’s life, his struggles and how he became the great president that he was. One point McGovern continues to mention is how no matter how bad a situation was or even when people doubted Lincoln, he would take his defeats and preserve. In the beginning of the book, McGovern recounts Lincoln’sRead MoreThe Legacy Of Abraham Lincoln1117 Words   |  5 PagesOne particular historian he challenges in his writings is Abraham Lincoln. According to Hofstadter, Abraham Lincoln was â€Å"the exemplar of the self-made man,† he was a very humble man that easily pleased the people and easily attained very high political ranking, as well as success and a lot of power. Abraham Lincoln’s flaws as a president were often overlooked because many Americans felt as if he brought to life what is known to be the great American dream. Because of this, many of his good qualities