The History of the American Education System A look at...

The History of the American Education System: A look at the 1900s The dawn of the 1900s brought with it progressive education. With a growing population due to an influx of immigrants, many cities decided to build more schools. Chicago was one such city. Before 1889, the city of Chicago had only five high schools. By 1990, the Chicago Board of Education had developed the Chicago Normal School, 15 high schools and 234 elementary schools. These schools provided not only education for students but also job opportunities for many individuals. This dramatic change opened up positions for 5,709 teachers (filled by 394 men and 5,315 women), who were paid about $325 per year. In 1990, there was a total of 255,861 students†¦show more content†¦In the early 1900s, schools experienced an ongoing debate between teaching evolution vs. creation in schools. The apex of this debate occurred in 1925 with the Scopes Monkey Trial. In this trial, John Scopes, â€Å"a high school science teacher in Dayton, Tennessee was tried for teaching the theory of evolution,† (Family Education 2004). Teaching students the theory of evolution was illegal under the Butler Statute, which stated that any theory in discrepancy with creationism couldn’t be taught in publicly funded schools. Scopes was convicted and fined $100 but the conviction was later over-ruled on the basis of technicality. In 1939 school buses became yellow. Frank Cyr, a teacher, organized a conference with transportation officials and specialists from school-bus manufacturing and paint companies to discuss what colors should be used. â€Å"They chose yellow with black letters for the colors of the bus - the easiest ones to see in the early morning and late afternoon. After World War II, in 1945 the G.I. Bill of Rights was introduced. When they returned, it became necessary to reintegrate â€Å"returning servicemen into the civilian economy and into the national life,† (American Education Web Project 1999). During this period, the G.I.Show MoreRelatedA Brief Note On Professional Counseling And Its Unique Disciplines1395 Words   |  6 Pagesplans for and worries about the future. History, however, is not as easily seen in society’s daily activities. It is simply the study of the past† (American Historical Association, 2004). It seems that history is believed to be less importan t when compared to the other two tenses. History, however, is composed of individuals and happenings that have helped mold the present time period. In other words, there would not be a present or future without a history. Everything has a past, including the professionRead MoreAmerican Indian Liberation : American Indians And The Boarding School Experience852 Words   |  4 Pagesa curiosity in the Native American culture, yet my previous studies led me away from any cultural academics over the years. I am pleased that I am now delving into these resources after attending a pow wow on the White Earth Reservation to increase my understanding of the Native American culture. There are four books in particular that have sparked my curiosity: American Indian Liberation: A Theology of Sovereignty by George E. Tinker; Education for Extinction: American Indians and the Boarding SchoolRead MoreAnalysis Of Ford s Assembly Line1556 Words   |  7 Pagesto understand the importance that topic , idea and technology has impacted a person, culture, country, and even history. Thus, providing a new outlook and perspective on history and the factors that contributed to the change in history. Firstly, the PERSIA model breaks into the category, political. Political describes how technology has impacted the political system. Throughout history, technology has caused government, whether it be state and or federal government, to update its laws to accommodateRead MoreHow Technology Has Impacted The Political System1179 Words   |  5 Pagesto understand the importance that topic, idea and technology has impacted a person, culture, country, and even history. Thus, providing a new outlook and perspective on history and the factors that contributed to the change in history. Firstly, the PERSIA model breaks into the category, political. Political describes how technology has impacted the political system. Throughout history, technology has caused government, whether it be state and or federal government, to update its laws to accommodateRead MoreHumanism : A Progressive Philosophy Of Life1128 Words   |  5 Pagescommunity in the late 1900s. Basquiat was an American artist born in Brooklyn, New York. He was born to a Haitian father and a Puerto Rican mother. Do you really believe that Basquiat got the same resources, opportunities, and acclaim as Andy Warhol who was the product of immigrants from Slovakia? Although both artist are not from the U.S. and are presented as a minority group in the 1900s, Warhol on site passes off as a white man and Basquiat passes off as a black man. In the 1900’s people weren’t asRead MoreSocial Stratification And Its Effects On Physical And Mental Differences1216 Words   |  5 Pagesbehaviors, and life opportunities. Sociology theorists Dennis Gilbert and Joseph A. Kahl developed a six class stratification system by grouping individuals by education, income, and occupation. The six classes are capitalist or elites, upper middle class, lower middle class, working class, working-poor class, and underclass. There is a huge difference in the income and education levels between t he capitalist class and the underclass. The capitalist class, for example, makes on average about two to fourRead MoreHistory of Music Education in America1580 Words   |  7 Pagesa great history from the beginning. It began with the migration of people from Europe. They colonized the states and began life there. They eventually fought for their freedom and now are the United States of America. Within this history is another profound history, which is the history of music education in America. Music education has changed and grown dramatically from century to century from the 18th century to present times. Each century show a great moment and growth in the history of musicRead MoreTennessee A Stand That Was Made By A Party Of People1450 Words   |  6 PagesDuring this period machines were also beginning to help on the plantations putting a lot of blacks out of work in the South. Most of them went north to find work, reunite with families torn apart by the slave trade, as well as acquire an education. During the 1900’s while the slaves were free blacks were still targeted with violence and discrimination even though Congress adopted the Fourteenth Amendment to ensure the safety and protection of black lives in many states. Racial discrimination wentRead MoreEducation Is A Fundamental Right For Everyone965 Words   |  4 PagesEducation is a fundamental right for everyone. However is that right being challenged in today’s society? Are the rights of those who are entitled to fair education being infringed upon due to policy and funding? These concerns are not only of today’s parents and future parents. These are also concerns of current students who are striving to obtain and maintain an education. Our economic standards are changing and could a fair education for the poor be on the brink of extinction? Extinction seemsRead MoreAmericanization Of The American Dream1457 Words   |  6 PagesAmericanization in Education The history of Americanization is long and complex, with beginnings in the late 19th century and the dawn of the 20th century. According to Galindo (2011), â€Å"Americanization was an umbrella term that encompassed different groups and programs as well as the different approaches adopted by these groups.† Massive amounts of immigrants were pouring into America via New York City, inspired by visions of freedom and the American Dream, as well as a desire by many to escape

America through the Decades Free Essays

Throughout the history of the United States, there have been important decades that have impacted in different way in the life of American. There are some decades which have greatly changed the life of Americans in a positive way while other decades have had a negative impact in the life of America. In many cases, there are important events that will take place in some years that will have a great impacted in the later life of a nation. We will write a custom essay sample on America through the Decades or any similar topic only for you Order Now One of the most important decades in the history of the United States was the decade between 1940 and 1950s. This decade was defined the entry of the united states into the Second World War and  Ã‚   the consequent formation of the United Nations. Some historians have argued that this decade prepared the United States to play the superpower role that it has assumed in the world. The 1940-1950 decade had a great impacted in defining the American military power that propelled it to a superpower status in the world. This paper will look into some of the most important event that happened in the history of the United States in the 1940-1950 decade. The paper will trace the eventual entry of the United States into the war after the Pearl Harbor attack by Japan and the consequent defeat of Japan and surrender of Germany. The paper will also look into the role that the United States played in the eventual formation of the United Nations that has become an important world body in arbitration of conflicts. 1940-1950 decade The 1940-1950 decade was one of the most trying decades in the 20th century. The decade came immediately after the American economy was recovering from the Great Depression after the New Deal had been reached which greatly changed the economic situation of the country. In this decade the population of the United States stood at 132,122, 000 and at the beginning of the decade, the rate of unemployment stood at 8,120,000. Due to the effect of the Great depression and the cost of the First World War, the national debt stood at $43 billion. Life expectancy stood at 68.2 for females and 60.8 for males.   This was also the decade which saw the Supreme Court make a ruling that blacks have a right to vote which marked the end of the oppressive Jim Crow laws. This decade also saw the end of the Second World War and the rise of the Soviet Union and the United states as the two superpowers in the world which also marked the beginning of the cold war. To the United States, this decade was particular important since it marked the transformation of united states from international alienation to a major player in the global affairs and a major interventionist in global conflicts.   Let us look in the details of the events that shaped the decade. (Threeworldwars, 2008) The 1940s were defined the event surrounding the World War II.   Since American entry into the first world, it had ended its decades of isolation from major global affairs. The First World War has taught America that the world was becoming more integrated and what happened to its world was also likely to happen to her. The First World War had seen American wake up from her status which had bee outlined in the Monroe Document which upheld the principle of non interference in European affairs.   While the First World War was immediately followed by the Great Depression, the 1940s ushered in a new decade past the Great depression but new challenges of the Second World War was another challenge that the country had to go through (Lone star college, 1999). The decade ushered in with the Japanese attack of the Pearl Harbor on December 7 1941. There had been rumors that Japan was planning to attack Pearl Harbor in reiteration for the United States imposition on the country. However American forces did not expect the attack to happen and when it happened, it caught most of them by surprise.   The Japanese planes attacked naval base at Pearl Harbor in Hawaii killing more than 2,300 American and destroying the USS Arizona and USS Oklahoma capsized.  Ã‚   The attack also sank three more ships and 180 aircraft were destroyed. (Herbert, 2004) This attack was a real surprise to the United States government ant it came at a time when the country was involved in a dilemma whether to go to the war or not. Church Hill had made several attempts to influence US President Franklin Roosevelt to join Britain into the war but there was resistance from the congress and the from the US public. The country was busy in reconstructing its economy after the devastating Great Depression.   However the Pearl Harbor attack was the event that made it clear that American had to go to the way regardless of the neutrality status that many had been calling for. How to cite America through the Decades, Papers

Punk Profile Essay Example For Students

Punk Profile Essay Punk Profile As a kid around the age of 15, I was lost and confused. I knew that I didnt have it all together, andeverywhere I looked people acted as if they did. My thoughts and ideas would change day to day asI talked to one person and then the next. I needed a concrete feeling. I tried going to church andfinding a release through God, but I was unable to believe. I tried looking at all my friends, but theywere all naive, so I turned to music. Music has become my religion, it clearly defines the questions Ihave no answers to. I found that everything that irritated me also irritated the people in the bands Istarted listening to. People label this type of music as punk. Punk is defined in Websters NewWorld Dictionary as a loud, fast, and deliberately offensive style of rock music, and it defines apunk as a) a young hoodlum b) a young person regarded as inexperienced, insignificant, etc.1slang poor; inferior. That is the worst misinterpretation I have ever come across. The membersof many punk bands have gone to college and are quite intellectual. Intellect is the basis of a punkattitude. Punk is about change, and as defined by the band, Propagandhi, The basis of change:educate!/Derived from discussion, not hate, not myth, not muscle, not etiquette. / Intellect, notre-elect! Status symbols yield to respect between sex, species, environmentyup! (Propagandhi,Hate, Myth, Muscle, Etiquette). Punk songs arent about going out and doing drugs, breakingthings, and harassing people, they are about life, life as a kid. And since Im not really understandingwhat it takes to be a man, I think Ill stay a kid while I can (Assorted Jelly Beans, Plain Life). Itgives people permission to act 18 when they are 50. Punk lifestyles are full of a positive energy thatmany people lose when they grow up. Existing as a punk takes the concepts of being an adult andcombines them with being a kid. The result is a much simpler and entertaining life. The first issue thatpunk music covered for me was religion. I felt like everyone had some higher power to look to whenthings didnt work out, everyone but me. I couldnt conform myself to the ideas of a higher powerbecause the interpretations of reality that brings seem so dillusional to me. There appears to be somany unheard truths in lyrics like, They say I shouldnt commit no crime/cos Jesus Christ is watchingall the time,/ so what, so what./ So what if hes always over my shoulder./ I realize the truth as I getolder/. I get to see what a con it is, because its my life,/ mine, not his (Crass, So What). I alwaysfelt that if there was an almighty and pure God that He/She would not make rules like obey no Godother than me. Where does that leave everyone raised under any other religion? A child in India willmost likely be raised as a Buddhist or some religion other than Christianity. It is not their fault thatthey dont follow the Christian God, especially if they havent heard of the Christian God. I dont seethe sense in a all powerful God who shows less sensitivity to people who dont ultimately have thechoice of who they follow. Furthermore, any God that is supposedly for the good of mankind shouldbe more concerned with the moral actions of mankind than their preferences of faith . And howcould a Savior expect to be worshipped by everyone under the circumstances of todays world. Lifeisnt fair, so how does that play into an equal religion for all? Hearing the song No by theSubhumans brings this thought to an all new reality. .u119b59fa28716c744dce33e96ea34061 , .u119b59fa28716c744dce33e96ea34061 .postImageUrl , .u119b59fa28716c744dce33e96ea34061 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u119b59fa28716c744dce33e96ea34061 , .u119b59fa28716c744dce33e96ea34061:hover , .u119b59fa28716c744dce33e96ea34061:visited , .u119b59fa28716c744dce33e96ea34061:active { border:0!important; } .u119b59fa28716c744dce33e96ea34061 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u119b59fa28716c744dce33e96ea34061 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u119b59fa28716c744dce33e96ea34061:active , .u119b59fa28716c744dce33e96ea34061:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u119b59fa28716c744dce33e96ea34061 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u119b59fa28716c744dce33e96ea34061 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u119b59fa28716c744dce33e96ea34061 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u119b59fa28716c744dce33e96ea34061 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u119b59fa28716c744dce33e96ea34061:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u119b59fa28716c744dce33e96ea34061 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u119b59fa28716c744dce33e96ea34061 .u119b59fa28716c744dce33e96ea34061-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u119b59fa28716c744dce33e96ea34061:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: None_provided Essay Paper The lead singer claims, No, I dont believe inJesus Christ./ My mother died of cancer when I was five./ No, I dont believe in religion./ I wasforced to go to church and I wasnt told why. At one time I felt alone with these ideas, all my familyand friends followed the God in which I was detached. I felt like I was doing something terriblywrong, like I had to conform. But when I started hearing these same thoughts in punk music for thefirst time I felt secure in my own disbeliefs. Beliefs

Naturalism in the awakening

In literature, the naturalism movement grew as an offshoot of realism which focused on the real over and above the incredible. However, naturalism was regarded as a more pessimistic movement that stressed the helplessness of man over nature and it’s surrounded. To its adherents, man was a slave to his instincts so his actions were largely affected by them. In the book â€Å"The awakening† a number of issues will be identified that demonstrate the naturalist movement.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Naturalism in the awakening specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More How naturalism is depicted in the awakening The author to this novel was very bold in writing this book because during her time, it was unthinkable for a woman to be sexually expressive or even for her to leave her family to pursue her passions as depicted in the novel. In fact, the reactions against this book were so strong that they caused the author to be ostracized from her society. It was only after a couple of decades that everyone remembered the writing and saw the beauty inherent in it. In the novel, the protagonist is well aware that society disregards her and her kind. To the male species, she is nothing more than a piece of property that can be handed down from one man to the next. Even after leaving her husband for Robert, Edna soon realizes that his perceptions of her are just the same as her husband. This kind of helplessness that she possesses against her environment or her society is quite typical of naturalist literature. In naturalism man is controlled by forces beyond him and this is exactly what is being suggested in â€Å"The awakening†. Even her efforts to question this way of life bear no fruit as the novel ends with no firm resolution of the matter. In the book she wonders why no one seems to enjoy any rights except for children hence her need to be left alone in the process of resolving t his matter (Chopin, 171). To some extent, Edna can be viewed as the tragic heroine in a naturalist novel. She goes through so much and when she cannot take it anymore, this lady ends her life. Suicidal ends were common in naturalist literature because they were aimed at striking a cord with readers who needed to identify with the helplessness of the characters in the pieces. In the novel, it is common to find that the protagonist is always struggling with issues of solitude, longing and passion which are all characteristic features of naturalism. This is especially visible when Edna listens to music which controls her and takes over her mind. She is overwhelmed by these feelings and realizes that it is almost impossible to stop the tears from coming out of her. At some point, she almost chokes as a result of these sentiments. (Chopin, 72). Advertising Looking for essay on literature languages? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The wave of naturalism was synonymous with a focus on individual feelings as seen in many other parts of the book (Pitzer, 45). What is really sad is that the author cannot feel any sense of hope or hopelessness after hearing the music; the only thing it does for her is it causes her to realize that she can feel and respond to something other than her pain or her feelings in life. The entire book is indeed a demonstration of how humans tend to be slaves to their sentiments. Edna is a person who seems to lack strong will power. She is not bold enough to alter all the challenges she has gone through and even when it appears as though she is actually fighting these values, the story later reveals that her acts were fruitless. In terms of society’s expectations for women, the novel propagates yet another naturalist agenda. Here, readers are introduced to two very distinct women: Adele and Edna. One would be tempted to think that the state of affairs in that Victorian society wa s so biased against the women that only the rebellious ones would survive. However, as one soon finds out, this was clearly not the best path to follow for those concerned. This society did not favor free expression amongst women and neither did it tolerate sexual freedom. Edna chose to go about this in an abrasive and confrontational manner; a decision that costs her life. On the other hand, Adele chooses to go about this in a different way. She has done this by remaining chaste to her husband while still expressing her sexuality freely. In other words, finding peace is only made possible when females embrace faithfulness rather than resisting it. Furthermore, it is possible to communicate and express oneself openly just as Adele did when she played by the rules. This sharp contrast therefore illustrates that females were not free to do as they pleased but could get some degree of freedom if the played by the rules. Fleissner (238) explains that it is sometimes possible to break away from convention when one took on the stand that Adele did. However, this only proves that society is restrictive and that one can never really enjoy their free will. Once again this propagates typical naturalist ideals. In fact, it can be argued that the ‘awakening’ being discussed in this book actually occurs when the protagonist realizes that she must be careful about what she says. The awakening is not in finding what needs to be said but in finding the things that must be kept under a lid (Fleissner 239). Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Naturalism in the awakening specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Edna does not find her voice as is the case in certain romantic literature, instead, she finds out what she cannot utter. The best depiction of this occurs when she fails to find the right the words to explain to the doctor why she had to leave her children. In this sense, she cannot say certai n things to him as convention dictates. Overly, this society is one in which the self must be negated and forgotten so as to gain an identity as a mother. Adele was able to tap into the happiness and freedom of expression that her kind can enjoy only when she canceled out her wishes and needs. Conclusion This author was responsible for portraying naturalism because this movement tended to focus more on the moral vice. The author appears to tolerate moral vice even at a time when her society could not fathom it. She stresses individual needs and even talks about sexual freedom or freedom to communicate especially as a woman. She brings out the frustration of not having control over one’s environment. Works Cited Chopin, Kate. The Awakening. NY: Bantam classic, 1981 Pitzer, Michael. Two approaches to the concept of naturalism. Carbondale: University of Southern Illionois, 1966 The Rhythm Method: Unmothering the Race in Chopin, Grimke, and Stein† by Jennifer Fleissner, in Women, Compulsion, Modernity, excerpt on Chopin, 233-244 This essay on Naturalism in the awakening was written and submitted by user Omari Daniel to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Profile of the Roman God Jupiter

Profile of the Roman God Jupiter Jupiter, also known as Jove, is the god of sky and thunder, as well as the king of gods in Ancient Roman Mythology. Jupiter is the top god of the Roman pantheon. Jupiter was considered the chief deity of Roman state religion during the Republican and Imperial eras until Christianity became the dominant religion. Zeus is Jupiter’s equivalent in Greek Mythology. The two share the same features and characteristics. Due to Jupiter’s popularity, the Romans named the largest planet in the solar system after him. Attributes Jupiter is depicted with a beard and long hair. His other attributes include scepter, eagle, cornucopia, aegis, ram, and lion. Jupiter, the Planet The ancient Babylonians were the first known people to record their sightings of the planet Jupiter. The Babylonians’ recordings date back to the seventh century BC. It was initially named after Jupiter, the king of the Roman gods. To the Greeks, the planet represented Zeus, their god of thunder, while the Mesopotamians saw Jupiter as their god, Marduk. Zeus Jupiter and Zeus are equivalents in ancient mythology. They  share the same traits and characteristics. The Greek god Zeus was the top Olympian god in the Greek pantheon. After he took credit for rescuing his brothers and sisters from their father Cronus, Zeus became king of heaven and gave his brothers, Poseidon and Hades, the sea and the underworld, respectively, for their domains. Zeus was the husband of Hera, but he had many affairs with other goddesses, mortal women, and female animals. Zeus mated with, among others, Aegina, Alcmena, Calliope, Cassiopeia, Demeter, Dione, Europa, Io, Leda, Leto, Mnemosyne, Niobe, and Semele. He is king on  Mount Olympus, the home of the Greek gods. He is also credited as the father of  Greek heroes  and the ancestor of many other Greeks. Zeus mated with many mortals and goddesses but is married to his sister  Hera (Juno). Zeus is the son of the  Titans Cronus and Rhea. He is the brother of his wife Hera, his other sisters Demeter and Hestia, and his brothers Hades, Poseidon. Etymology of Zeus and Jupiter The root of both Zeus and Jupiter is in a  proto-Indo-European  word for the often personified concepts of day/light/sky. Zeus Abducts Mortals There are many myths  about Zeus. Some involve demanding acceptable conduct of others, whether human or divine. Zeus was enraged with the behavior of  Prometheus. The titan had tricked Zeus into taking the non-meat portion of the original sacrifice so that mankind could enjoy the food. In response, the king of the gods deprived mankind of the use of fire so they wouldnt be able to enjoy the ​book theyd been granted, but Prometheus found a way around this, and stole some of the gods fire by hiding it in a stalk of fennel and then giving it to mankind. Zeus punished Prometheus with having his liver pecked out every day. But Zeus himself misbehaves- at least according to human standards. It is tempting to say that his primary occupation is that of a seducer. In order to seduce, he sometimes changed his shape into that of an animal or bird. When he impregnated Leda, he appeared as a swan [see Leda and the Swan]. When he abducted Ganymede, he appeared as an eagle in order to take Ganymede to the home of the gods where he would replace Hebe as cupbearer; and when Zeus carried off Europa, he appeared as a tempting white bull- although why the Mediterranean women were so enamored of bulls is beyond the imaginative capacities of this urban-dweller- setting in motion the quest of Cadmus and the settling of Thebes. The hunt for Europa provides one mythological version of the introduction of letters to Greece. The Olympic Games were initially held to honor Zeus.

An Overview Of The Body Shop Marketing Essay

An Overview Of The Body Shop Marketing Essay Introduction Background The Body Shop it has more than 2070 tree brands and offer service for 7700.000 consumers all over the world. The founder was a great woman who was called Anita Ruddick. She travelled though South America in two years. Then she collected her experience in her long journey and found that many women used the natural way to keep their skin. She also was interested in this field. She tried to use the vegetable, fruit or plant to concoct the natural formula. In March 1976, the Ruddick founded her first store at Birmingham; the store sold 15 kinds of products such as jojoba oil, rascal and mud. In April 1984, The BODYSHOP became a listed company and started selling the products to all over the world. The BODYSHOP was a business which has conscience and credit. The BODYSHOP has five principles in its retail and production, they are: Against Animal Testing (The BODYSHOP never do the animal testing, they only used the scientific instruments to do testing on some mode led body of animal.(Ruth,2006) Support Community Trade (the BODYSHOP selling the product at reasonable price. The BODYSHOP brought their resources from some special place such as Brazil, Kenya, and Samoa. They often set up the factory in origin and employed local people who need a job to save their life. It also brought their materials in a fair price. The BODYSHOP helped a lot of people. It also can say it is a charity (Ruth, 2006). Improve Self Esteem (In the advertisement of The BODYSHOP, It is difficult to see models who have beautiful face and thin stature. The Body Shop uses some ‘special’ woman. For example, the advertisement of the total energy pulse point it employed a black lady. Defend Human Right (The BODYSHOP support equality. especially between black and white. The Body Shop made great contribution in support ECPAT(The International Campaign to End Child Prostitution in Asian Tourism) Protect the Plant (Protect plant is an aim of this green company . The BODYSHOP published a book, called the Green Book in order to call all the people to protect the plants. Theories Marketing Mix: Marketing Mix was related to a company’s marketing strategy. Marketing mix include 4 parts, place, promotion, price and product. There are often called the four ‘PHS. Product: Paying attention to the features of the product is easier to attract the consumers. Some consumers focus on the after sales service, appearance, packing faction and brand more than before. For example, red is standing for lucky in china. This color always appears in spring festival. Consumers who want to buy some clothes during spring festival think this color may bring lucky for them, so they may willing chose this red clothes more than the other color. Some telephone firm willing offer sales service to consumers to create their credit. Price: Make high profit is the aim of the all the businessman. There are many factors effect the price, such as cost, rent, and capital. These factors affect the producer to adjust the product’s price. The price also affects the consumers. For example, customers attract by discount.

The Miscarriage of Justice Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

The Miscarriage of Justice - Essay Example A miscarriage of justice may condemn an innocent person to punishment for a crime he/she may not have committed. While there may be a miscarriage of justice in other areas as well, it always has the most serious consequences of criminal convictions since the punishment may involve long terms or imprisonment or even execution. Wrongful convictions are difficult to overturn and although there are provisions for appeal under the law, an innocent person may suffer needless imprisonment, incarceration or even death, when a miscarriage of justice occurs. In many instances, such wrongful convictions may also be the result of unfair trials, the manipulation or fabrication of evidence or the framing of an innocent party through false testimonies and misdirection of judicial authorities. An innocent person wrongly convicted of a crime he/she did not commit, may face the consequences even after a wrongful conviction has been overturned because it is impossible to reverse the effects of punishme nt already suffered or the torment and hardship that may have been endured by the innocent person and his/her family. The most heart-rending aspect of a miscarriage of justice occurs when an innocent person is wrongfully convicted and put to death. The case of Judith Theresa3 is one of the best examples of the miscarriage of justice in terms of legal impropriety in the disclosure of material evidence and the role of experts and forensic scientists in providing evidence. In this case, a woman was convicted of being a terrorist on the grounds that nitroglycerine was discovered on her property. Defendant was convicted and sentenced to 30 years imprisonment, of which 17 had already been served when the Appeal was filed on the grounds of failure of timely disclosure. The problem, in this case, was the withholding of information by the forensic scientists who were working for the Government and believing that it was their duty to aid the police, they withheld information which they believed might prove damaging to the Prosecution’s case.

Housing and the Inclusive Society Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words - 1

Housing and the Inclusive Society - Essay Example In addition, private rented sector has actively participated in creating opportunities for provision of adequate homes that are accessible and convenient for in terms of prices and affordability to socially excluded groups. According to the EU, social inclusion involves a process of including people in societal activities who risk exclusion through poverty, unemployment, or homelessness; this includes exclusion from participation in decision-making processes (Spandler, 2007; European Commission, 2010). In this paper, there will be a discussion on the contribution of the private rented sector in promoting social inclusion or social exclusion, followed by an evaluation of the lesson learnt by social housing about social inclusion. Effect of Private Rented Sector on Social exclusion Private rented sector is usually a commercially operated environment such that those providing social housing must look forward to making profits. In this case, the State does not have a direct role in dicta ting housing provision, but can only provide guidelines on housing standards that landlords should meet. Therefore, it is a common phenomenon to see housing providers excluding some people based on various reasons (Hayes, Gray and Edwards, 2008; Le Grand, 2003). First, in relation to rental fees (price), allocation of housing may exclude some people based on their incomes. For instance, rental charges may be prohibitive for low-income earners, as well as those people who do not get housing benefits from their employment (Hulse and Burke, 2000). Another factor of housing allocation that promotes social exclusion is facilities allocation in housing such that the landlords usually fix heating and fuel systems within houses, which make accommodation expensive. In this case, tenants may be rebuffed from accessing housing due to extra cost of heating and fuel, or they may have to dedicate much of their resources to such costs in expense of other basic needs (Hulse and Burke, 2000). Thirdl y, social housing may discriminate disabled population from accessing housing due to the architectural design of houses. It is evident that majority of houses are constructed without consideration the accessibility of wheelchair users to the buildings; the same can be said for blind people. Fourthly, there are instances when landlord put conditions on who should be rented accommodation. For instance, landlords, driven by desire to make money and avoid the stress of demanding delayed or unpaid rent, may decide that only people from a certain level of income, certain employment sectors, race, religion or sexual orientation should be provided with housing, thus discriminating against those who do not qualify (Kleinman, 1998), despite this being unlawful. Fifthly, it is possible that some people will not have sufficient information on where to secure housing of their class and in such cases, they may be excluded from housing. For instance, potential tenants may find it difficult locatin g affordable housing especially in new and unfamiliar locations, thus finding themselves occupying houses that are beyond their reach (Hulse and Burke, 2000). Finally, private rented houses may not be equitably allocated in terms of location, with such houses being concentrated or exclusively located in certain areas. In this case, although it may be motivated by issues such as security, people who have to make

Global Warming Essay Example for Free

Global Warming Essay Among The most profound environmental problems, Global Warming is one of the serious problem. Former vice president Al Gore takes his environmentally friendly political agenda to the big screen with the documentary ‘An Inconvenient Truth’. The film follows Gores platform of recognizing global warming as a worldwide problem. Gore says the truth must be revealed or there will be consequences to pay . Since the beginning of Industrial Revolution, atmospheric concentration of CO2 have increased by 30%, Methane concentration by 100% and Nitrous oxide concentration by about 15%. These increases have enhanced the heat trapping capability of the Earth’s atmosphere. The combustion of coal, oil and natural gas accounts for most of the heat trapping greenhouse gases emitted by human activities. Most of the best and brightest in the world scientific community, however, believe we are heading for the trouble. But coal and petroleum products are abundantly used for moving the life cycle of people. Asking such people to slow down or choose more expensive alternative energies is asking for trouble. Petroleum industry is very big industry In which there are millions of people employed and the millions of families thriving on this for their livelihood. To find out the solution of Global Warming merely alleging the petroleum industry and burning of fossil fuels then those millions of people who are depending on these industries are badly affected. There are so many other causes also which are responsible for the Global Warming like industrial revolution, nuclear radiations and emitting of green house gases. 98% of total global greenhouse gas emission are natural, mostly water vapour; the effect of water vapour is not well understood. Some of the critics of Al Gore’s ‘Inconvenient of Truth’ says â€Å" An Inconvenient Truth, Al Gore makes absurd remarks about global warming that stretch well beyond the IPCC claims. This clip demonstrates some of Gores various exaggerations on the subject of global warming†. There could be benefits in the wake of the planet’s warming. Increased rainfall, created by climatic fluctuations, in a semi arid region will raise agricultural productivity. Rising CO2 levels cause plants to grow faster and absorb more CO2, through photosynthesis. Longer growing seasons may boost yields in northern Canada and Europe. In fact, a vast majority of scientists now believe that even an immediate and dramatic cut in global greenhouse gas emissions would not fully prevent climate change impacts. Even USA, world’s largest emitter of greenhouse gases, is not willing to be subjected to any kind of restraint on their energy use. USA has not ratified the Kyoto Protocol. The country claimed that if it has to implement the provisions of the Protocol, the economic losses will be heavy and will drive 5 million Americans out of work. Policies to promote energy efficiency, in the long run, will improve economic performance, at the individual firm or country level. Global warming is a global problem calling for global solutions; no nation alone can defeat the problem. Industry must develop energy – efficient vehicles, consumer goods and production processes. â€Å" Most important, individual households must contribute to emissions reduction through their power of consumer choice and their personal lifestyle decision†. Reference: With inputs from â€Å" Is Apocalypse Near, Far or Never? † by G. Vijaya Raghavan V S M Nair.

College or Univeristy Graduation Speech -- Graduation Speech, Commence

I’ve spent weeks trying to think of what it is I’d like to share with you on this special morning†¦ what words of wisdom I could possibly impart, what bits of knowledge I have obtained during these past five years that I could share. And after careful deliberation and consideration, I came to the conclusion that I have absolutely nothing to say. I’ve asked several people, "So, like, if you were listening to a speech, and, like, you wanted to enjoy it†¦ what would you want to hear?" And these several people all had the same reply, "Don’t be boring." So, that was a really big help. I refuse to start out with some sort of typical, "My fellow graduates†¦" introduction, and I’ll be gosh-darned if I start with a quote, like, "As Shakespeare once said†¦".. Basically, I realized that I’m walking away with a degree in Physics, and I cannot compose a simple graduation speech. Someone needs to explain to me how I can complete five years of college and leave here incapable of delivering a simple speech. I’m a little bitter. The problem is that I’m not sure whether the lessons I’ve learned are the types of things you talk about in a speech like this. Most of the graduation speeches I’ve heard seem to be along the lines of, "You are the future! You are the promise of tomorrow! Dream and you will succeed!" And that’s really great; those are nice things to hear. But I can honestly say that I have never reached a difficult moment in my life and then thought, "I didn’t know what to do, but then I remembered something my graduation speaker once said, and everything fell into place!" So, I’m not here to give advice, and I’m not here to impart words of wisdom, and I’m not here to inspire you to succeed. I would just like to wish you all the good and... ...ied to. Waking up five minutes before the alarm is supposed to go off. Missing your flight. Spilling your drink. Breaking a dish. Arguments over stupid things. Sunburns. Saying goodbye†¦ You may never be a CEO. You may never win an Oscar. You may never sing at the Met. You may never get married and have a family. But this is your story. That’s it. One shot. Feel it all. I don’t have the faintest idea what’s going to happen, and I think it’s great. I’ve spent five years trying to figure out what I should be doing the moment this ceremony is over, and I still don’t have an answer. And that’s okay. In fact, it’s perfect. If we knew life’s outcome, what would be the point of going through it? It’s a story, and it’s yours, and whatever happens just make sure you feel your life. One shot. My fellow graduates, as Shakespeare once said, "The readiness is all."

Speech Outline on Ocd

Informative Speech Outline Obsessive Compulsive Disorder I. Attention Getter A. Show Obsessive Compulsive Disorder clip from you tube. http://www. youtube. com/watch? feature=player_embedded&v=sZYRVwjv1ws II. Background A. 1 out of every 100 adults suffers from Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder, and even more are affected by its symptoms. B. Living with Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder can be so severe and time-consuming that it literally becomes â€Å"uncontrollable and disabling to your life and can cause you to have a low quality of life because the disorder controls your days. Mayo Clinic)† C. It’s difficult to live with someone or a family member who has Obsessive Compulsive Disorder as I can speak from experience. III. Thesis A. Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder is a disorder that makes an individual have an obsession with organization, rules, and or perfection which causes them to have a specific way of doing things in everyday tasks. Transition: Today I will be talking abo ut three main factors to Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder IV. Main Points A.Symptoms B. Causes C. Treatment Transition: I would first like to discuss the symptoms to Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder. V. Body A. Symptoms: Those who have obsessive compulsive disorder have obstinate obsessions and use compulsions to control the anxiety these contemplations create. 1. The typical obsessions of Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder are the need for order, neatness, exactness, symmetry, fear of causing harm to another, fear of being embarrassed, fear of germs. 2.The most common compulsions a person with Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder deal with in their daily life are listed as constantly ordering certain objects, straightening and cleaning things, repeatedly washing hands, refusing to touch doorknobs or handles, refusing to shake hands, and repeating certain phrases, words, or prayers. Transition: Now that I have told you about the symptoms of OCD, I will inform you on the causes. B. Causes: Researches have yet to determine an exact cause of Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder. Through studies they have found two factors that are primarily the common causes. 1.An individual’s physical environment commonly causes Obsessive Compulsive-Disorder. The stresses of life, a death in the family or close friend, or an abusive relationship or childhood can all cause and make the severity of the disorder inferior. 2. Experts believe through studies biological factors are a common causes to Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder. WebMD states, â€Å"Brain scans of people with OCD have shown that they have different patterns of brain activity than people without OCD and that abnormal functioning of circuitry within a certain part of the brain (striatum) may cause the disorder. â€Å"WebMd†)† Transition: To finish I would like to discuss the methods of treating OCD. C. Treatment: There is treatment for those who suffer from Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder, but unfortunately many individuals who have this disorder refuse to seek treatment and will often deny they have Obsessive Compulsive Disorder. 1. Counseling is one recommended and common treatment. The most effective type of counseling is a type of cognitive-behavior therapy called exposure and response prevention.It consists of exposing the individual to the obsession that causes anxiety, starting from moderate to extreme. 2. Medicines are the second alternative and common treatment to Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder. Antidepressants are often prescribed to treat OCD and are proven to be the most effective. Individuals are monitored on the effectiveness of the prescribed medication, and results determine will determine the increase of dosage or the change of prescription. VI. ConclusionIn conclusion, there are many individuals who have minimum cases where they don’t realize they have to disorder and have little effect to severe cases where it causes an effect on individuals to have a negative relationship with family, friends, and acquaintances. I hope you gained new knowledge about Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder and its symptoms being obsessive and compulsive, the causes being environmental and biological, and treatments being counseling and medicines.You may realize you know more people with Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder than what you have thought you knew of, or that you may potentially have a minor case of OCD that you did not realize before now. OCD is a common disorder many Americans are challenged with every day, and it’s important to be aware of it for those who do not have it to help better understand those who do have it, and for those who do have OCD to seek help and get the disorder under control.Works cited Mayo Clinic, Staff. â€Å"Obsessive-compulsive disorder . † Mayo Clinic. Health on the Net (HON), 10 Aug 212. Web. 12 Feb 2013. . â€Å"Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder . † WebMd. Healthwise, 21 Jun 2010. Web. 12 Feb 2013. . Robinson, Lawrence, Melinda Sm ith, and Jeanne Segal. â€Å"Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder . † HelpGuide A Trusted Non-Profit Resource. N. p. , n. d. Web. 12 Feb 2013. . Walker, Rachel, dir. OCD. 2008. Web. 17 March 2008. .

Importance of language development Essay

Introduction As psycholinguists began to chart the course of language development, they were amazed that children could learn such a complex symbol system at such good pace. After all, many infants are using arbitrary words to refer to objects and activities before they even begin to walk. By age 5, children already seem to know and use most of the syntactical structures of their native tongue, even though they have yet to receive their first formal lesson in grammar. Marian Whitehead, a consultant on the early years of children, compares the Steiner approach with that of a nursery. She states in her book Supporting Language and Literacy Development in the Early Years and believes that Steiner’s growth stems from the fact that parents are worried about the over-formalization in early education (Whitehead, 2004). Learning theorists represent the empiricist point of view. From their perspective, language is obviously learned. However, other theorists point out that children the world over seem to display similar linguistic achievements at about the same age: They all babble by 4 to 6 months of age, utter their first meaningful word by age 12 to 13 months, begin to combine word by the end of the school year, and know the meaning of many thousands of words and are constructing a staggering array of grammatical sentences by the tender age of 4 or 5. Importance of Language in Imparting of Knowledge to Young Children All the other ways of knowing are controlled by language. The appropriate use of language is central to virtually all aspects of learning and social development. Successful and appropriate language communication is also closely linked to the individual’s place in society, while the inability to communicate clearly hampers and may virtually eliminate a person’s ability to cope with even the simplest educational and social situations. For teachers, language is important and in fact, traditionally, psychological accounts of language development have been developed by theorists who have included language learning in their discussions of a general acquisition process (Miller & Dollard, 1941; Skinner, 1957). Skinner, for example, believes that language is learned, in large measure by waiting for children to emit approximations of the forms of speech which are ultimately desired and then by gradual shaping (by parents or other socializing agents) until the correct sounds and sentence forms can be reproduced in appropriate situations with a high degree of fidelity. This is a fair representation of the interrelationship between perception, emotion, reason and language, for numerous experiments have now disclosed that principles for generating novel responses can be acquired through the observation of others (Bandura & McDonald, 1963) If principles of language usage, rather than mere words, can be shown to be acquired through observational learning, then this would provide at least a partial account of the process of language acquisition. Importance of Language in Schools. How the schools perceive language and whether modifications in the curriculum and imparting of knowledge are made as a result are important factors to keep in mind. The fact that English speakers rarely have the opportunity to enter bilingual education programs reinforces status of these programs. This is where the methodology of knowledge is more important than the knowledge itself. Similarly, imitation and reinforcement clearly play some part in early language development. Certainly, it is no accident that children end up speaking the same language their parents speak, down to the regional accent. In addition young children are quicker to acquire and use the proper name for toys when reinforced for doing so by receiving the toys to play with (Whitehurst & Valdez-Menchaca, 1988). One’s cultural and social upbringing affects the way a person views this. There are no assumptions or deducing involved here. One can verify the information by just looking again at the dizzying array of program alternatives in bilingual education, each claiming to be more successful than the others. In general, most research has found that bilingual programs of all kinds are effective not only in teaching students content area knowledge in their native language but also in teaching them English. This has been proven time and again to be the case in research analyses and specific program reviews (Hakuta, 1990). Whitehead claims that there is an insight in Steiner’s kindergarten routine that can be useful in mainstream settings. Examples of these are its emphasis on play, arts and crafts and storytelling and its integrated curriculum. It is important that children have a good background on language development from the early years. Conclusions If we want our schools to educate the students well, we need teachers who are well-trained, highly respected professionals. But teachers today are not given the right opportunities to be trained well. We simply cannot expect to implement rigorous standards and testing, tightened discipline and effective early interventions without true professionals to deliver them. It is imperative that colleges of education should overhaul their curriculums to include methods of evaluating scientific research. Teachers must know how to determine the effectiveness of new ideas, textbooks and methods of teaching. They have eagerly swallowed too many myths and fads for too long. Knowledge of the social learning theory and its application in a classroom set-up will afford them the chance to create activities that will enhance learning through modeling and imitation. The professionalization of teaching extends beyond teacher preparation to the way educators are treated once they enter practice. Schools cannot possibly train, recruit, and retain teachers who possess sophisticated critical thinking skills until they reward teachers with respect and support. But rewards must also be associated with expectations. Almost miraculously, many excellent, dedicated and well-educated teachers work in public schools today. However, society must muster the courage to weed out or retrain educators who lack the necessary talent and skill to teach our young. Our children deserve true, highly regarded professionals to lead them especially during the early years of his language learning. The child is unique and perceives and understands the world differently from the way the adult does. Thus, the child’s ideas are valued. This kind of philosophy has an integrated core curriculum which is best suited to the developmental interaction and sees the child as a thinking self-propelling, well-adjusted individual. A teacher must believe that the basic tenet of her kind of approach is that the growth of cognitive functions–acquiring and ordering information, judging and reasoning, problem solving, using systems of symbol–cannot be separated from the growth of personal and interpersonal processes–the development of self-esteem and sense of identity, internalization of impulse control, capacity of autonomous response and relatedness to other people. This active form of learning permits young children to quickly acquire literally thousands of new responses in a variety of settings where their â€Å"models† are simply pursuing their interests and are not trying to teach them anything. Thus, when we look at it really close, children are continually learning both desirable and undesirable responses and proceeds so very rapidly along so many different paths, especially in the area of language development. REFERENCES Bandura, A. & McDonald F. J. (1963) The influence of social reinforcement and the behavior of models in shaping children’s moral judgments. Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology. 67, 274-281. Bandura, A. (1977). Social Learning Theory. New York, NY: General Learning Press. Hakuta, K. (1990). Bilingualism and Bilingual Education: A Research Perspective,† no. 1 Washington, DC: National Clearinghouse for Bilingual Education. Miller, N. E. & Dollard, (1941). J. Social learning and imitation. New Haven: Yale University Press Whitehead, M. (2004). Language and Literacy in Early Years. Whitehurst & Valdez-Menchaca, (1988). What is the role of reinforcement in early language acquisition? Child Development. 59, 430-440.

Martin Luther King JR. I have a dream

Martin Luther King JR. I have a dream Martin Luther King is optimistic that African Americans will have basic rights including voting and other social rights in the future. Such rights will allow African Americans to vote, live in good neighborhoods and interact with White Americans without any discrimination (Gates 107).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Martin Luther King JR. I have a dream specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More In a perfect society, all Americans will be treated equally by the constitution. According to Martin Luther, freedom is about people being judged based on their characters, but not ethnicity (Gates 107). In a perfect society, the constitution will protect all citizens equally. Martin Luther defines freedom as the ability to live how individuals want and to attend any school or motel of choice without restrictions based on race (Gates 108). Luther urges people not rest until freedom is attained. The speech â€Å"I have a dream† b y Martin Luther King continues to challenge leaders today (Hansen 23). Today, this speech has continually challenged Americans to recognize everybody’s potential in areas of politics and leadership among other fields. However, cases of police brutality and incarceration of African Americans are relative high in the American society today (Gates 109). Just recently, there was an African American young man who was shot three times in the neighborhood for walking in White’s settlements. When lobby groups enquired about this incidence, police officers argued that the boy was a criminal. This is an indication that Americans have not yet attained freedom. The coming of President Obama to power has given most African Americans hope (Gates 109). In fact, the number of African Americans who turned out to vote in the last election is an indicator that Americans are ready to attain freedom. Evidently, Africans and White Americans are now getting to a level where they are putting their differences aside for development. Gates, Louis. The Norton Anthology of African American Literature. New York, NY: Norton press, 2004. Print. Hansen, Drew. The Dream: Martin Luther King, Jr., and the Speech that Inspired a  Nation. New York, NY: Harper Collins, 2003. Print.Advertising Looking for essay on african american? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More

Performance Management and Awareness Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Performance Management and Awareness - Essay Example Geisinger Medical Centre has adopted straight policy to promote the concept of performance evaluation. The scope of this project includes the administrative services, and healthcare facilities; these healthcare services include diagnostics, medical tests and laboratory services. The medical staff inclusive of doctors and paramedics shall essentially focus upon improvement of their performance by encouraging team work. The important management tool of delegation of responsibility shall be necessarily applied in Geisinger; the application of this tool will successfully organise the jobs. It is important for the team to perform SMART WORK, the patients / customers are more interested in receiving quick and proper services; a directional approach shall be adapted to improvement the overall performance of the team. The performance awareness campaign shall be launched, and brainstorming sessions shall be conducted to include the feedback of t he team members. The awareness of such campaign needs to be taken seriously by the team, and this can be only achieved if the performance evaluation criterion is incorporated in the job appraisal cycle of the employees. The performance improvement is identical to the process improvement.

Performance Management and Organizations Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Performance Management and Organizations - Essay Example Mullins (2005) contends that organizations comprise 'people, objectives, structures' and 'management'. Managing human resources, keeping the shareholders in good humor, organizing funds for new business ventures, planning out marketing strategies are all parts of the management which require more than the copy book style of management. External: These are the factors on which an organization may not be able to exert much of its control. These include, the legal and political scene prevailing within the state/ country of its operations, number and types of competitors, suppliers in the market, terms and conditions from financial institutions, alternative products available in the market, newer technological innovations etc. Strategists are supposed to take care of these factors by planning appropriate responses. Worthington (2006) places greater importance on political developments occurring at different levels - local, national and international. Organizations resort to strategic planning to take care of these factors and Organizations learn a lot from there environment and prevailing circumstances. But the strategic intent alone cannot be planned all in advance. It has to be a continuous evolutionary process depending upon the experiences. Henry Ford said, "Failure is the opportunity to begin again more intelligently"1 Organizations too adapt their strategies according to the prevailing circumstances and the overall business scenario. Organizations and their management are not supposed to indulge in politics and the power-game. But the management is at the same time required to carry the organization through the ups and downs of the times. Butcher & Clarke (2003) state that 'managers often seem to struggle with their role'. There are times when managers are confronted with paradoxical situations. Under such circumstances, the theories and relevant prescription might appear to be insufficient for their needs. Such circumstan ces require some amount of political acumen on the part of the management. Globalisation has in fact provided wings to MNCs for exploring newer vistas of business opportunities, dealing with newer sets of customers and governments. In order to leverage the economies of scale some MNCs prefer to outsource their services from Europe and US to countries like India, China (Bracken, 2004). This type of business is full of risk as it involves handing over a crucial task to people who are nowhere near the customs/ cultures of the organization, involves taking political risks both at home as well as in foreign lands. Quite a few political objections have been raised against the outsourcing decisions by some companies; as such steps are resulting in an increase in unemployment in those countries from where these services are being outsourced. On the other hand this step is resulting in more employment generation in the countries which are the outsourcing destinations. Such voices have also b een 'managed' well by the management of the companies in outsourcing business, which could not have been done without some first hand experience of political maneuverability. The political establishment is

Single sex schools Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Single sex schools - Research Paper Example ols are better than co-ed schools mainly because of the following three reasons: 1) Research has shown that children, both boys and girls obtain better grades in single-sex schools 2) Children can be their self in single-sex schools and 3) They are more comfortable in single-sex schools as both the sexes feel and think differently. If one accepts this reasoning than co-ed schools may not be the right choice. But then again there is not enough evidence to prove that single-sex schools are better than co-ed schools. A detailed study of the advantages and disadvantages of both the types of schools may perhaps help in arriving at a conclusion. . I t is generally believed that children can be themselves in same sex schools and take part in activities that suit them. For instance they can enjoy poetry or be a part of a band instead of marching without worrying about what the girls might think. Similarly girls can take part in sports like football or hockey without the fear of being labelled as a tomboy. Gils are able to shed their shyness. Children feel comfortable exploring subjects of their choice especially the non traditional ones. Girls feel comfortable studying subjects like advanced science or carpentry whereas boys can participate in orchestras or study languages like Latin without fear of being ridiculed for exploring subjects that are considered non-traditional. They need not don stereotypical roles and are encouraged to be curious and fearless. In short single sex schools allow children to be themselves. Today children face a huge amount of pressure from all quarters to become adults even before they are prepared. Children are forced to grow up too quickly. Some children are more comfortable in single-sex schools as the social pressures are less here. A child can grow at his own pace. As boys mature later than girls boys need more time to grow and single-sex schools may allow them to grow at their own pace. The atmosphere in single sex schools is

Improving Business to Business Marketing in TCL Business Research Paper

Improving Business to Business Marketing in TCL Business - Research Paper Example Over the past two years, most small and medium businesses have been badly impacted by the recent economic downturn with TCL not having been spared from the impact. During this period most businesses are cutting costs in order to remain competitive in the business, this grossly affects TCL’s business as its revenue stream is mostly reliant on the marketing budgets that companies set. Over the past year, with reduced business, TCL recorded a drop in revenue by 25%, and the business is increasingly finding it hard to get new business and establish new clients. It is imperative that TCL make a change to its current business to business marketing. In view of this, this business report analyses and addresses various aspects of a business to business marketing that TCL needs to address in order to be able to efficiently meet its objectives. In doing so, the report will focus on how TCL can restructure its marketing mix, how the business networks and relationships impact TCL’s business, how it can rearrange its sales team for effective impact at low cost. With the recession, most of TCL customers are cutting back on their marketing spending. As can be noted from TCL’s product portfolio, TCL gives precedence to offline business marketing using tools such as radio and television for their clients. The very nature of such advertising means being expensive implies that TCL is losing a lot of money in this area. Since TCL also offers other marketing services such as online marketing, it is important for the company to explore its product portfolio and see how it can restructure it well enough for the business that is focused on cost-cutting. Trends in the recession show that more companies which are cutting costs are tending towards online marketing not only because it is cheaper, but because of the reasoning that most end consumers being thrifty during these periods also tend to go online in search of better and cheaper deals (Chlebisova, et al, 2011:1 234-1236). Indeed Court (2009:71) note that key advertising tools that most companies use for advertising and marketing during the recession are the use of the internet, mobile devices and the social networking which are far cheaper and much more effective in a recession-stricken economy. Most companies prefer to use a combination of these with traditional media (Bulearca, & Bulearca, 2010).

The Values and beliefs of mentoring

The Values and beliefs of mentoring Mentoring is a dynamic complex developmental relationship between two. They share experience, values and beliefs (Palmer 1987).Through this partnership the mentee, with assistance from the mentor sets goals for purpose of the development of the mentee. Enhancing skills, gaining new knowledge and implementing new behaviours are the intended targets of the mentoring journey. To achieve these goals in personal development, professional development and learning, the relationship requires time, patience, dedication and to some degree selflessness .In medicine , mentoring is changing the culture of sink or swim attitude.(20) The concept of developmental mentoring therefore, with its emphasis on peer support, self managed learning, development contracts and reflective practice has the potential to challenge the individual mentors and mentees. While it is a close relationship, it is not a friendship .Problems can arise and lead to dysfunctional relationship .Some measures are recommended to avoid such outcome. Mentoring is a relationship between two people in which trust and respect enables problems and difficulties to be discussed in an open and supportive environment (Whittaker and Cartwright 2000). It is psychological bond between two people .Connor (2006) suggests that mentors provide a safe place for reflection; they listen and support, explore strengths and blind spots, enable self challenge, generate insight and focus on goals. .The focus in mentoring is emotional and behavioural aspect of knowledge transfers rather the processes or techniques as compared to tutoring. (Fig 1) It has benefits and satisfies needs of both. Once grasped, this is often seen as one of the most liberating aspects of being a mentor/mentee (3) Fig (1): Tutoring v Coaching v Mentoring What the mentor do (activities)? (6x5x5) I can summarize these as: 6 attitudes and 5 skills in 5 phases Attitudes: Fig (2) (mentor= MENTOR) In the mentee centred model which I prefer, the mentor helps the mentee set goals in personal and career development and learning objectives. We know that self discovery and self experience are important facets of learning (Rogers1983) and as (kobbs1984) (Knowles 1984) observed in adult learning theories. Mentee are expert in their own right. The mentor just motivates, empower, nurture self confidence, and teach by example, and sometime, offer counsel and advice and raise the performance bar (Scouba 1999). He helps the mentee to grow and achieve his goals. These goals should be specific, measurable, achievable, and realistic and time bound (SMART). He recommends and creates learning opportunities, transfer knowledge in such areas like critical thinking, problem solving, and points strength and areas for development Motivate Empower Nurture self-confidence Teach by Example Offer counseladvice Raise performance bar Fig (2): mentor = MENTOR= 6 attitudes He wears these different hats according the situation and mentoring moments In simple words he involves the mentee in mentoring conversation (the five mentoring phases) (fig3) 2-Undersatnding The mentee 5 Implementation Review 1-Contraction and Building rapport 3 Analysis Mentee needs/Mentor perspective 4 Action planning Options/choice Fig (3): Mentoring: The 5 phases During this special conversation the mentor applies the 5 mentoring (communication) skills: Fig (5) Mentoring skills: 1-Rapport: is the ability to relate to others in a way that creates a climate of trust and understanding. Rapport is also the ability to see each other point of view (not necessary agree with), to be in the same wavelength and to appreciate each other feelings.(24) To build rapport different techniques can be used starting with small talks to explore common interest, day to day chat and progress to opinions, beliefs, feeling and emotions. With time as the relation becomes stronger and people become comfortable, unspoken rapport can be reached. Fig (3) Unspoken Rapport Feeling and emotions Judgement, values and belief Ideas and opinions Facts, opinions and small talk Ritual and clichà © FIG (3): Building Rapport steps 2-Effective listening: This is an art and skill to learn. Active and then deep listening requires the listener to understand, interpret, and evaluate what they hear. This involves tuning in to what the mentee is saying, giving them complete concentration, and waiting patiently for them to finish, without diving in or making assumptions about what they are likely to say. The provision of maximum attention is displayed both verbally and non-verbally through body language and eye contact. Words and actions should be used to convey encouragement to the mentee and benefit from active listening to get people to open up. (8)The ability to listen actively can improve personal relationships through reducing conflicts, strengthening cooperation, fostering understanding and building trust . Mentor should avoid cosmetic listening only. Fig (4) COSMETIC LISTENING CONVERSATIONAL LISTENING ACTIVE LISTENING DEEP LISTENING Fig (4) Listening types: mentoring level social level 3-Asking powerful Questions Questional skills are fundamental to effective mentoring. The role of questioning here is how to draw out learning and ideas from mentee In mentoring one need to ask open question rather than close ones, probing and challenging than leading. Even sometimes smiles, pauses, nods or gestures are as effective as spoken questions (14) Contracting Giving constructive Feedback Asking Powerful Questions Effective Listening REFLECTION Building Rapport MENTORING SKILLS (Applied in mentoring 5phases) Fig (3) Fig (5) Mentoring: The 5 skills 4-Giving constructive feedback A mentor can apply the principles of johari window (fig 6) during the mentoring process of giving feedback and encouraging self disclosure and to move information from blind spot and facade into the ARENA therefore increasing the size of the arena. (8)The blind spot will decrease as individual accept and own new information about themselves .The faà §ade get smaller as they disclose more information about their feeling, perception and opinions. Fig (6) Fig (6) : Principles of Feedback is the mechanism to enable people to develop, improve and change. One myth is that feedback is always negative, and it always a description of someones inadequacies and failures in developmental mentoring it is important to feedback successes as well as failures. What is important is that feedback is designed to help the person learn (constructive) while destructive feedback simply undermine and devalue them. What make the feedback effective when it is specific, nonjudgmental and given with purpose e.g. to improve performance (4) 5Contraction this more or less about mentoring agreements and helps (as I shall explain later) to resolve conflicts and problems that may arise 6- Reflection Both mentor and mentee must reflect at all the times to see that is learned and redefine more goals. A mentor can support the mentee by recognizing that each mentee is different. Some mentees may come with the solution himself/herself the mentor here is just acting as sound board. In other occasions the mentor must be prepared to respond in a number of ways called influencing styles as per need of mentee(6) These range from listening and interpretation, challenging, probing and diagnosing, gathering and adding new data, identifying options or last resort even planning for the mentee( defeat the issue, generally not recommended ). At end, the degree of intervention chosen by the mentor is : what mentoring is all about. Problems challenges Like any relationship things may not run smoothly. Problems usually stem from poor implementation of mentoring process. Nevertheless, this may exist at outset such as conflict between the mentoring and supervisory roles of the mentor; Mentors should not be the mentees educational supervisor or line manager or otherwise be involved in their appraisal to avoid blurring of these distinct roles Shaw (1983) has also referred to these inherent tensions in the role of the mentor if he or she also contributes, at whatever distance, to any assessment or performance at work (14) Another potential downside of mentoring is that over a period of time mentors tend to develop a considerable personal and private knowledge about their mentees and this knowledge base Safeguards of confidentiality are of vital importance in maintaining the integrity of the mentoring process. A dysfunctional mentoring relationship could also result from possession of certain personality traits that are not compatible with the process. Hence the importance of the mentor and the mentee having some common interests to give the relationship a good start..There should be matching and some choice given to mentee in mentoring programme. It is very important to have the right chemistry, to really, be able to mentor anyone in addition there must be a sense of win-win in both the mentor and the mentee. Both should want to participate, then the relationship can stretch over months or even years. Good mentoring is a facilitative, and during the mentoring process sometimes it is easy for the mentor to develop a patronizing attitude towards the mentee and it is important for the mentor to be aware of this tendency and resist it. Hence, mentoring should not always be about the mentor advising the mentee what to do in a particular situation, but rather should be about the mentor facilitating exploration of the issues by the mentee, at his or her own pace.(8) Thus by encouraging critical reflection on the issues the mentee should be able to find solutions to his or her own problems. Other difficulties include frustration due to lack of progress. Mentoring relationships that can be unproductive, unfulfilling, or (at an uncommon extreme) dysfunctional. i.e. primarily characterized by conflict. It occurs when a mentoring relationship is not working for one or all people involved because needs are not being met or individuals experience distress as a result of the relationship (Eby an d Allen1997) Problems and challenges in mentoring @ The Outset (avoidable) Mix of roles matching Lack of progress Patronizing attitude, confidential breach Boundaries /Emotions Too close or dysfunctional Dysfunctional Fig (8): Mentoring: the challenges There are a number of things that mentors can do to avoid or cope with conflict that may arise in a mentoring relationship like avoid self defeating behaviour: slow down, engage in critical self reflection( appendix1 appraisal check list ), consider ethical and professional obligations as a Mentor, be proactive and seek consultation. Also being too close to mentee can be a problem. I see it as one of the biggest challenges. Mentor should remind himself and his mentee that although the relation is a psychological bond but still not a blind friendship. There are boundaries and limitation to be observed. People can refer to their mentoring agreement ( see appendix ) to resolve these issues. There is always the option to end the relation with mutual respect. ( life cycle of mentoring by Hay(1995) appendix 2 What makes a good mentor? Mentors should enjoy helping others, has genuine interest in the mentee not only professionally but as human being. A good mentor accept their mentees, is empathetic, and free of judgment or rejection , maintains a positive outlook, yet is able to be realistic and have a strong interest in their own growth and self-development. A good mentor is committed to the role of mentoring and believes in the value of mentoring. He shows a desire and a willingness to give up time to help others with an open mind and a willingness to support the relationship. This good intention should by be supported with knowledge about mentoring techniques (8) Successful mentorship requires mentors with a balance of skills, attributes, and qualities. Some of these attributes can be learned or developed while others are inherent individual qualities that are part of who the mentor is. The attributes of a good mentor are widely discussed in the mentorship literature. Drawing from years of experience designing formal mentoring programs, Bowley offers these essential qualities of a good mentor: commitment, acceptance for mentee, teaching, learning and optimism.(8) Mentor should possess certain virtues, abilities and competences.(Johson2003) MENTOR Competent, committed, Confident Virtues Integrity, caring Prudence pru Abilities Cognitive, emotional Relational Competencies Teaching, mentoring Communication Fig (9) : Mentor Attributes 1Virtues Integrity, Caring, Prudence Mentor virtues of integrity, caring and prudence are described as The foundation to mentoring. Integrity reflects the ability to establish and maintain trust in a mentoring relationship, drawing from the presence of honesty and mutuality. Caring as a virtue means that the mentor shows respect and empathy to others-both within and outside of the mentoring relationship. Prudence indicates the intentionality and appropriateness of the mentor as shown through decision making (8) 2- Abilities Cognitive, Emotional, Relational Cognitive abilities include a sense of curiosity and dedication to experiential and theoretical learning. Emotional abilities reflect the individuals emotional self-awareness and receptivity, the persons engagement in self-reflection finally, relational abilities include the capacity to communicate empathy, respect and compassion. 3-Competencies Teaching, Mentoring, communication : These are specific skills, knowledge or techniques that mentors can develop through training and education. Teaching competencies include an understanding of adult learning processes and of the developmental needs and transitions commonly experienced by mentees. A facilitator to enable the mentee to open up new possibilities and set/achieve goals and models continuous learning, actively engaging mentees in their own learning and reflective processes, stimulates the students thinking and reflection and net worker who helps to develop useful connections for the mentee.(14) Mentoring competencies This compasses all technical aspects of mentoring: knowledge and Skills (fig 6) in the structure and process of the mentoring relationship, Skills to cope with challenges arising within a mentoring relationship (fig8)and understanding of the roles and responsibilities Of a mentor, recognition of dysfunction in a mentoring relationship. Communicating competencies address the interpersonal communication capacity and the self-awareness of the mentor. Conclusion What mentor do ( in mentee perspective) is to put in place achievable development plan, act as sounding board or devil advocate ,open doors and support in seeking opportunities .(9)The effective mentor gently probes to understand the relevant issues, asks open-ended and fact-seeking questions and understands that silence is useful when information is being digested or breathing space is needed.   Questions should be used to obtain information and/or steer the discussion in a particular direction. Appreciative listening is also important (7) It is important for mentors to convey understanding through feedback, reflecting back the mentees feelings and accurately summarizing or paraphrasing their thought processes. Overall good mentorship is about empowering the mentee to become self aware, self directing, develop a sense of their own purpose and understand their personal needs.(2) They also enjoy the reward from feedback about accomplishments in which they have shared. At the end a happy mentee is an evidence of a good mentor. References 1)D. a. l. Macafee: Is there a role for mentoring in surgical specialty training? medical teacher jan 2008, vol. 30, no. 2, pages e55-e59: e55-e59 2)S.Rramani, L Gruppen, E. Kachur :Twelve tips for developing effective mentors ,medical teacher Jan 2006, Vol. 28, No. 5, Pages 404-408: 404-408 3) T.Stenfors-Hayes, S Kalà ©n, et al : Being a mentor for undergraduate medical students enhances personal and professional development Medical Teacher Jan 2010, Vol. 32, No. 2, Pages 148-153: 148-153. 4) K Taherian, M.Shekarchian: Mentoring for doctors. Do its benefits outweigh its disadvantages? medical teacher Jan 2008, Vol. 30, No. 4, Pages e95-e99: e95-e99 5)Exploring mentoring: Board of medical education,BMA August 2004 6)Mentoring for doctors, guidance from doctors forum , DH 2004 7)B Buddeberg-Fischer, K-D. Herta :Formal mentoring programmes for medical students and doctors a review of the Medline literature medical teacher, Jan 2006, Vol. 28, No. 3, Pages 248-257: 248-257. 8) Module Two:: Competency in Mentoring,:Canadian coalition for global health research,2007 9) Oxley et al, 2003: Mentoring for doctors: enhancing the benefit (behalf of the Doctor Forum) 10) Megginsion, Clutterbuck, Garvey :Mentoring in Action A Practical Guide., Stokes, Garrett-Harris, 2006 11) Klasen and Clutterbuck, : Implementing Mentoring Schemes A practical guide to successful programmes. 2007 12) Megginson and Clutterbuck: Techniques for Coaching and Mentoring -2007 13) http://www.rcplondon.ac.uk/mentoring:RCP Pilot Mentoring Scheme in Wales 14)N.Cooper, k Forrest, Educational supervision in postgraduate medical education, wiley-blackwell,2009 15) SCOPME 1998 report in mentoring : Standing Committee On Postgraduate Medical Education 16) L H. Toledo-pereyra : Mentoring Surgeon ,Journal of Investigative Surgery Jan 2009, Vol. 22, No. 2, Pages 77-81 17) M. F. Longhurst: The mentoring experience ,medical teacher Jan 1994, Vol. 16, No. 1, Pages 53-59: 53-59 18)M.G.Moller,J.Karaichalis et al : Mentoring the modern surgeon, bulletin of the American college of surgeon, july2008 19)M.PConner, ,J.Pokora,N,Redfern : Developing senior doctors as mentor,medical education,34:747-75 20) C.Doherty: Introducing mentoring to doctors( challenging the of sink or swim culture), developmentlearning organization journal ,18:1, 6-8,2004 21)R. Alliot: Facilitatory mentoring in general practice,BMJ supplement,sep1996 WEB SITE 22) www.academicmedicine.ac.uk à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ º Mentoring and Outreach 23) www.academicmedicine.ac.uk/mentoring 24) www.nwmentoring.nhs.uk : northwest mentoring programme 25) www.rcseng.ac.uk/support/mentoring 26)www.emccouncil.org/uk Appendix 1 Mentoring agreement Some questions for mutual agreement 1what is aim of relationship? 2- What each contributions will be? 3- When, where to meet? 4-how to contact each other? 5-will meeting be structured and how? 6- How to deal with difficulties? 7- What confidentiality mean in this relationship? 8-how to review progress? 9- How (and under what circumstances) we end the relationship? Other issues can be added Mentor appraisal checklist for mentoring sessions (Hay 1999) à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Was there rapport between us? à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Did we feel able to challenge each other if appropriate? à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Was the content of our discussions relevant to our contract? à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Was I genuinely pleased when the mentee made his own decisions? à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ How well was I using the skills of listening, questioning, reflecting, feedback and review etc? à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Was I avoiding the mentee becoming dependant? à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Did the mentee have ownership of his/her decisions? Was he/she the decision maker? à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Have we identified alternative options? à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Is she/he accepting responsibility? à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Have we celebrated achievements? à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Do we need to plan for an ending yet?

Interview with an Elderly Woman Essay -- Interview An Elderly Person

In the early 1940’s Marie was born into a small tight knit family living in a small rural Kentucky town. Marie is now in her seventies and has led a very interesting life traveling the country, raising four children, and shaping her chosen profession. Our interview sessions were conducted over a period of time, as Marie is very active and has little â€Å"free time† to spare. Early Life Her parents meet at a social gathering in town and where married shortly thereafter. Marie’s name was chosen by her grandmother and mother, â€Å"because they loved to read the list was quite long with much debate over each name.† If she was a boy her name would have been Francis, so she is very happy to have born a girl. Marie’s great uncle was a physician and delivered her in the local hospital. Her mother, was a housewife, as was the norm in those days and her father ran his own business. Her mother was very close with her parents, two brothers, and two sisters. When her grandmother was diagnosed with asthma the family had to move. In those days a warm and dry climate was recommended, Arizona was the chosen state. Because her grandma could never quite leave home, KY, the family made many trips between the states. These trips back and forth dominated Marie’s childhood with her uncles and aunts being her childhood playmates. Marie’s grandparent’s had an old farm house, which was one of many homes in which she lived, that she remembers most. The house was huge, she learned to walk, climb stairs, and find hiding places in it. The house had a wide wrap around porch with several wide sets of stairs both in front and in back. She remembers sitting on the steps and playing with one of the cats, with which there was a lot of cats living on the farm... ...anizing the boxes of memorabilia into albums for her children, if time permits. The only thing she’ll commit to is that everyone in her family will have a croquet blanket made by her just for them. When looking back over her life, so far, she says not a bad life. Then again she’s not done yet and hopes to have another good ten years. I leave you with her life’s message. â€Å"Follow your heart. Life is not a straight line there are lots of curves, circles, and detours. Each and every experience will give you something valuable. Keep close to those you love and who love you. Family is so important. Always do your best, be honest with yourself and others, have integrity, be dependable, like who you are, change what you don't like, keep learning, keep trying, you are better than you think.† (Rodrà ­guez) Bibliography Rodrà ­guez, Marie. Personal Interview.

Management and Chemical Engineering Essay

I have completed my Bachelors of Technology in Chemical Engineering at Indian Institute of Technology, Guwahati, India (IITG). I am seeking a position in your organization in order to enhance my skills and practical experience, while being resourceful and innovative. I have worked hard in my undergraduate studies, striking a balance between compulsory courses like Fluid Mechanics, Process Equipment Design, Process Control and Instrumentation, Chemical Engineering Thermodynamics, related wet lab courses and supervised research under the guidance of Dr Chandan Das (Associate Professor, Department of Chemical Engineering, IITG) & Dr AK Golder (Associate Professor, Department of Chemical Engineering, IITG). My Bachelor Thesis Project was on Biosorption of heavy metals to purify industrial effluents under the guidance of Dr. Chandan Das (Associate Professor, Dept. of Chemical Eng., IITG) and Dr. AK Golder (Associate Professor, Dept. of Chemical Engineering, IITG). When I look back now, I realize the role of an inspiring mentor in a student’s life. Dr. Das and Dr. Gloder gave me a whole new direction to explore my research skills and the interest in reading research articles while doing my undergraduate courses in mainstream Chemical Engineering. After graduation I joined Jindal Steel and Power Ltd as a Project Engineer where I practiced what I learnt during my educational life. Post completion of one year, I joined SPI Pvt. Ltd. As an Assistant Manager. I choose this as apart from technical skills, I also wanted to gain a good understanding about the business processes and its various elements. While working there my interest became more focused towards managerial skills. It was there where I decided to go for my higher education in Masters in Management as managerial knowledge via a reputed and esteemed university will help me to learn a wider scope of business management skills which was missing in my technical career. In my education thus far, I have been actively involved in sports and co-curricular activities including making manual robot, organized Rock-o-Phonix for three consecutive years (2008, 2009 & 2010) and represented IIT-Guwahati in Inter IIT sports meet in Football which has helped me to develop upon simplicity in approach, patience, team work, confidence, loyalty, ability to manage loads of stress and adaptability. To work using the in-hand knowledge and indigenous creativity simultaneously is my biggest asset. Education I believe is not just excelling in courses that we take and cracking their exams but a continuous process of development and self-realization. Not just asking â€Å"what to do† or â€Å"how to do† but â€Å"who am i† and â€Å"what is my purpose† too. My long term career goals are to become socially responsible individual and to get the dream job of working in the field of interest. If given the opportunity of pursuing the graduate study in field of management I would be getting involved in a project that will help me grow intellectually and professionally and result in useful outcomes.

The impact of ozone depletion

The ozone is a thin bed of triatomic O molecules located within the ambiance which is capable of absorbing deadly UV ( UV ) radiation from the Sun. Ozone occurs of course within the stratosphere, and it accounts for approximately 90 % of the entire ozone molecules in the ambiance, compared to the tropospheric ozone which forms a major air pollutant and histories for only10 % . Ozone bed in the atmosphere extends vertically up to about 50Km, and there are about 12,000 ozone molecules per 1 billion molecules of air, while less measure exist in the troposphere of about 20-100 molecules per billion molecules of air. Stratospheric ozone is formed through a uninterrupted complex procedure of photochemical reaction affecting the splitting of O molecules into two O atoms by solar energy and each atom farther combines with O molecules to bring forth ozone. Because the procedure is sunlight dependant, more ozone is produced at lower latitudes due the concentration of high solar radiation around the equator ; as such ozone is continually produced and destroyed in these complex chemical reactions. The planetary distribution of ozone depends on conditions such as the handiness of Br and Cl in the ambiance, high solar strength and latitudinal location that favour the production of the molecules. Without this bed, UV-B radiation when making the Earth is capable of damaging works and animate being tissues, increasing the hazard of wellness jobs such as skin malignant neoplastic disease in worlds every bit good as destructing both tellurian and aquatic ecosystems. Depletion of the ozone has been observed over the old ages due to the release of chemical substances into the ambiance by worlds. In 2005, scientists have observed the addition in ozone depleting substances ( ODS ) which consequences to the cutting of this protective bed over Arctic and Antarctic poles by about 30 – 50 % , and a planetary mean decrease of about 3 – 6 % compared to the pre – 1980 degrees. The procedure of depletion begins with the release of the ozone depleting substances ( ODS ) such as Cl and Br and CFCs ( CFCs ) largely from human beginnings. These gases farther accumulate into the ambiance for some clip depending of their occupant times and so transported to the stratosphere through perpendicular commixture. These non-reactive gases are farther converted into reactive compounds by UV radiation, so chemical reactions takes topographic point to destruct the ozone bed. Finally, these gases are transported back to the troposphere where they are re moved through precipitation. Climate alteration and ozone bed depletion are interlinked because ozone itself is a nursery gas and together with other ozone consuming substances such as Br ( Br ) and Cl ( Cl ) contribute to planetary heating. Therefore any alterations in the atmospheric concentration and distribution of ozone will hold important impact on the planetary clime system. Release of these ( ODS ) substances including C dioxide and CFCs has a chilling consequence on the stratosphere. This chilling consequence favours the chemical reactions in Cl and Br thereby lending to the formation of Polar Stratospheric Clouds ( PSC ) , a status that consequences in the depletion of ozone. Surveies have proved that the lessening in stratospheric ozone observed over Antarctica led to alterations in the interactions between the stratosphere and the Earth. These alterations alter the atmospheric circulation peculiarly the North Atlantic oscillation ( NAO ) , which in bend has an consequence on fluctuation of clime around the Atlantic. Depletion of the ozone has another important consequence on the planetary biogeochemical rhythms which has profound consequence on the clime system. Increase in the sum UV-B modifies the C rhythm by impacting the consumption of CO2 by workss during photosynthesis, every bit good as C storage in workss tissues as biomass. Because the tellurian ecosystem serves as a net sink for C, alterations in the sum of UV radiation is capable of upseting the photosynthetic and respiration procedures which link the atmospheric C and tellurian C consumption and release. Within the tellurian ecosystems, certain works species become more susceptible to increased UV radiation, therefore cut downing their ability to gaining control and shop atmospheric C dioxide. Furthermore, a alteration in the UV radiation increases the rate of productiveness of dirt micro beings such as fungi thereby increasing the rate of C release from biomass decomposition. This accelerated bend over clip of C through this procedure of exposure debasement or exposure transmutation decreases the storage capacity of the dirt as a major C sink, as such lending to planetary heating. Scientific projections from theoretical accounts suggest a major displacement in planetary ecosystems from ice chest and wetting agent to warmer and drier conditions in response to climate change-UV interaction. Another of import linkage between ozone depletion and clime alteration is the change of the marine biological pump of atmospheric C dioxide into the ocean underside under the influence of UV radiation. Coloured dissolved organic affair ( CDOM ) nowadays in aquatic primary manufacturers which is utile in absorbing UV in the ocean undergoes exposure decoloring under higher dosage. Thereby ensuing in the loss of the pigment and accordingly let more UV incursion into the ocean and cut down the ability of aquatic workss to repair C during photosynthesis. Besides, thermic stratification of ocean Waterss occur as a consequence of increased CO2 from human- induced emanations decreases mid-water O around the deepness of 200-800m, which affect C consumption by the oceans. This stratification impact perpendicular commixture of substances such as bromocarbons found in tropical Waterss. Under the influence of UV, certain ozone consuming reactive groups such as Br oxide ( BrO ) are produced. Conversely, clime alteration besides has a important influence on ozone bed depletion. This influence may either accelerate or slow the ozone procedure of recovery. Climate alteration induces the formation of Polar stratospheric clouds around the high latitudes which when exported to mid-latitudes bring forth farther depletion of the ozone around such countries. Surveies have shown that radiative forcing from planetary heating may assist the ozone to retrieve because it tends to cut down the formation of such clouds that interact with gases in the ambiance to destruct the ozone. Evidence was observed in the decrease in the loss of ozone over Antarctica between 2001 and 2004 during the spring period. Since ozone depletion is the chief cause of decrease in temperature of the stratospheric ozone by about ( -0.17 & A ; deg ; C/ decennary ) , addition in the emanation of Green House Gases ( GHG ) into the ambiance will hold a warming consequence thereby change by reversaling this loss. Re actions affecting compounds of halogen are straight affected by UV-B and clime alteration. Halomethane emanations attributed to climate alteration react with UV-B and accordingly modulate ozone handiness in the ambiance. Climate alteration induced addition in temperature stimulates the release of methyl bromide and methyl iodide from certain species of workss under the influence of UV radiation. Besides, clime alteration consequence in the change of the planetary hydrological rhythm by increasing the rate of precipitation and eutrophication of organic C into rivers and watercourses from land. Mineralisation of this organic stuff takes topographic point under the influence of UV to foster release C into the ambiance and contribute to planetary heating. In add-on, planetary heating caused by human-induced addition in Nitrogen oxide ( NO ) , Carbon monoxide ( CO ) , and Methane ( CH4 ) from shrub fires increases the rate of production of ozone in the troposphere. As such planetary heating may increase the sum of aerosols nowadays in the ambiance which later affects the rate of ozone photolysis by about 6-11 % . Other natural factors lending to climate alteration such as volcanic eruption and fluctuation in sun-spot activity affect ozone bed depletion. Because ozone depletion in the stratosphere is formed under the influence of solar energy, any addition in the sum of radiation coming from the Sun will increase the sum of ozone in the ambiance. Variation in the 11-year Sun topographic point activity indicate an ascertained addition and lessening in ozone concentration with matching maximal and minimal solar rhythms severally. Furthermore, The Brewer-Dobson circulation is responsible for the conveyance of sulphur gases from volcanic eruptions into the stratosphere. The go uping subdivision of this circulation conveyance gas from the Torrid Zones upwards while the falling subdivision return the gases back to the troposphere in the high latitudes. Volcanic eruptions besides release sulphate gases into the ambiance. These gases significantly cut down the rate of extension of incident radiation from the Sun and diminish the production of ozone. Other natural factors such as the release of methyl bromide into the ambiance from rice cultivation deplete the ozone and therefore increase the incursion of UV radiation. There is a strong relationship between UV radiation, C and N cycling which has a important clime alteration deductions. Increase in UV can impact the N rhythm through alterations in the rate of organic affair decomposition of N incorporating compounds through nitrogen arrested development. Nitrogen compounds such as ammonium hydroxide and nitrate are continuously cycled within the biosphere in series of complex procedures. Dissolved organic Nitrogen ( DON ) reacts with UV radiation to interrupt it down into more soluble ammonium compound through the procedure of photoammonification. All these procedures determine rates of C consumption and decomposition in the planetary C rhythm. Report from the World Meteorological Organisation ( WMO 2003 ) indicate feedback mechanisms from increasing H2O vapor into the ambiance, which increases the handiness of odd-hydrogen extremist that leads to ozone depletion by upseting N and Cl rhythms. Within the marine ecosystem, hydrolysis of Br and I takes topographic point by photolysis reaction in the ocean to bring forth ozone consuming substances. Marine phytoplanktons like algae found in tropical Waterss emit halogen compounds into the troposphere. Besides, the interaction between UV-B radiation and the sulphur rhythm contribute to climate alteration. Pollutants such as dimethyl sulfide ( DMS ) and carbonyl sulfide ( COS ) are emitted as aerosols that have chilling consequence on the ambiance. Climate alteration can besides impact the extension of planetal moving ridges into the ambiance ( Rhind et al.,2005a ; 2005b ; Scott and Polvani, 2004: Scott et al. , 2004 ) . Climate theoretical accounts suggest a important impact of clime alteration on troposphere-stratosphere interaction. Surveies by Rhind et Al. ( 2001 ) estimated in approximately 30 % in this interaction resulted from duplicating of C dioxide sum in the ambiance. Appraisal by Scaife ( 2001 ) shows a decadal addition of approximately 3 % as a effect of clime alteration. All these interactions have profound consequence on the conveyance of ozone depleting substances into the stratosphere every bit good as their remotion from the stratosphere back to the Earth surface. In order to minimise or extinguish the impacts of ozone bed depletion, the Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer was signed in 1987, and so came into force in 1989. Under this understanding, assorted states that signed up the pact pledged to cut down the production and ingestion of harmful halogen gases.This decrease mark begins with the decelerating down the production and so their eventual stage out through the usage of replacement gases. The usage of ozone friendly Hydrochloroflourocarbons ( HCFCs ) was adopted to replace the usage of CFC-12 in the industry of refrigerants and froth devising agents. The Montreal Protocol has successfully achieved a decrease in the concentration of Cl in the planetary ambiance in the late twentieth century. Another of import accomplishment is the decrease in the production of methyl trichloromethane and Chlorofluorocarbons to a close zero degree at the planetary graduated table. Towards the terminal of this century, substances such as methyl chloride and methyl bromide are expected to be eliminated from the ambiance due to the projected stabilization and subsequent decrease in their production. Complete recovery of the ozone to pre 1980 degree is expected under rigorous conformity to the Montreal Protocol by the center of this century, with slower recovery rate predicted by computing machine theoretical accounts around the â€Å" Antarctic ozone hole † . In decision, human induced clime alteration and ozone bed depletion are closely inter-related. With ozone depletion worsening the rate of planetary warming while clime alteration continues to consume the ozone. Therefore necessary steps must be taken under the Montreal and Kyoto Protocol commissariats to cut down the emanation of ODS and other green house gases in order to salvage the planet from effects of farther warming effects on human wellness and the environment.